{"id":5811,"date":"2026-06-23T00:40:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T00:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/?p=5811"},"modified":"2026-06-17T07:43:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T07:43:07","slug":"%d1%80%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8e-%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%85%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%81-%d0%b8%d1%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/differential-pressure-flow-measurement-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5811\" class=\"elementor elementor-5811\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32237ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32237ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f09edea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f09edea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- ================================================================\n     ARTICLE: Differential Pressure Flow Measurement 101\n     BRAND: Jade Ant Instruments\n     FORMAT: Elementor-ready HTML (no <meta>, no <h1>, no date)\n     ================================================================ -->\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 INTRO BANNER 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\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP) \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435<\/strong> \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 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\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c (ISO 5167, API MPMS) \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n  <\/p>\n  <p style=\"font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.85;margin:0;\">\n    \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 SCADA, \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u00ab\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b.\n  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- MARKET INSIGHT BOX -->\n<div style=\"background:#e8f5e9;border-left:5px solid #2d6a4f;padding:20px 26px;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:44px;\">\n  <p style=\"margin:0;font-size:0.97rem;line-height:1.8;\">\n    <strong>\ud83d\udd0d \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (DP), \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u2014 55\u201360%. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445.\n  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 1: FUNDAMENTALS \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:52px;\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<!-- IMAGE 1 -->\n<figure style=\"margin:28px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1504328345606-18bbc8c9d7d1?w=1200&#038;q=80\"\n    alt=\"Industrial pipeline system with flanged connections and pressure measurement instrumentation at a process facility\"\n    title=\"Industrial Pipeline with Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Instrumentation\"\n    style=\"width:100%;max-width:920px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\"\n    loading=\"lazy\"\n  \/>\n  <figcaption style=\"color:#666;font-size:0.87rem;margin-top:8px;\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0442 1-\u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e 48-\u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f?<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP)<\/strong> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0394P), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u2014 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 (\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430) \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. A <strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a DP<\/strong> (\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440) \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. A <strong>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0394P \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 DP \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- QUICK GLOSSARY BOX -->\n<div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:12px;padding:26px 28px;margin:28px 0;border-left:5px solid #2d6a4f;\">\n  <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;\">\ud83d\udcd6 \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h4>\n  <ul style=\"line-height:2.1;font-size:0.92rem;margin:0;padding-left:20px;\">\n    <li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0394P):<\/strong> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c (\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435).<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442:<\/strong> \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0394P (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430).<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u03b2):<\/strong> \u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b. \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Cd):<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430 (Re):<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cd \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0394P, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u00bb:<\/strong> \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 B2B<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 DP \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0412\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b ISO 5167, API MPMS \u0438 ASME \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e-\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445, \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/strong>: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0437, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0412-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438\u0445, \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong>: \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 1980-\u0445 \u0438 1990-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 5\u201315 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 2: THE THREE TECHNOLOGIES \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n\n<!-- MASTER COMPARISON TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:28px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;min-width:140px;\">\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;min-width:140px;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;min-width:140px;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;min-width:140px;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u00b10,5\u20131,01 TP3T<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u00b10,5\u20131,01 TP3T<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u00b10,5\u20131,51 TP3T<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">5\u201315% \u043e\u0442 \u0394P<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">30\u201345% \u0394P<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;font-weight:700;\">60\u201380% \u043e\u0442 \u0394P<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0413\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \/ \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 (5\u20138\u00d7 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 (0,5\u20132\u00d7 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e (\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \/ \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u0411\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">3:1 \u2013 5:1<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">4:1 \u2013 5:1<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">3:1 \u2013 4:1<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 ISO 5167<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 4<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 3<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">10-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 (\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;\">\u0421\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 (\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  A <strong>\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438-\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430: \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430, 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\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 85\u201395% \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f: \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c 5 000 \u043c\u00b3\/\u0447 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>15 000\u201340 000 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c DN 300 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 1,5\u20132,5 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442 50\u2013150 \u043a\u0433. \u0415\u0451 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 3\u20135 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c 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<strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438:<\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 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style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  A <strong>\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430, 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\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/flow-nozzle-meter-advantages-disadvantages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c 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\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b: \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d <strong>\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0394P. \u0412\u0441\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b DN 100 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 80\u2013300 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b (ISO 5167-2, API MPMS 14.3) \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441 200 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 400 000 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 SS 316 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 6\u201324 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c:<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 (API MPMS 14.3); \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442); \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430; \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438; \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- THREE DEVICE PIE CHARTS -->\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:24px;margin:36px 0;justify-content:center;\">\n\n  <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);padding:22px;min-width:230px;flex:1;max-width:300px;text-align:center;\">\n    <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;font-size:0.92rem;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<br>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h4>\n    <svg viewbox=\"0 0 200 200\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" style=\"display:block;margin:0 auto 12px;\">\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L100,10 A90,90 0 0,1 190,100 Z\" fill=\"#2d6a4f\" opacity=\"0.9\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L190,100 A90,90 0 0,1 100,190 Z\" fill=\"#2d6a4f\" opacity=\"0.7\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L100,190 A90,90 0 0,1 10,100 Z\" fill=\"#2d6a4f\" opacity=\"0.5\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L10,100 A90,90 0 0,1 100,10 Z\" fill=\"#e8f5e9\" stroke=\"#2d6a4f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\">~10%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"133\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/text>\n    <\/svg>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.83rem;margin:0;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 <strong style=\"color:#2d6a4f;\">85\u201395%<\/strong> \u0394P.<br>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);padding:22px;min-width:230px;flex:1;max-width:300px;text-align:center;\">\n    <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;font-size:0.92rem;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<br>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h4>\n    <svg viewbox=\"0 0 200 200\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" style=\"display:block;margin:0 auto 12px;\">\n      <!-- 35% loss, 65% recovered -->\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L100,10 A90,90 0 0,1 189,132 Z\" fill=\"#e67e22\" opacity=\"0.85\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L189,132 A90,90 0 1,1 100,10 Z\" fill=\"#fdebd0\" stroke=\"#e67e22\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\">~35%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"133\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/text>\n    <\/svg>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.83rem;margin:0;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 <strong style=\"color:#e67e22;\">55\u201370%<\/strong> \u0394P.<br>\u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);padding:22px;min-width:230px;flex:1;max-width:300px;text-align:center;\">\n    <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;font-size:0.92rem;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<br>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h4>\n    <svg viewbox=\"0 0 200 200\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" style=\"display:block;margin:0 auto 12px;\">\n      <!-- 70% loss, 30% recovered -->\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L100,10 A90,90 0 1,1 47,155 Z\" fill=\"#c0392b\" opacity=\"0.85\"\/>\n      <path d=\"M100,100 L47,155 A90,90 0 0,1 100,10 Z\" fill=\"#fce4e4\" stroke=\"#c0392b\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\">~70%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/text>\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"133\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#0d1b2a\" font-size=\"10\">\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/text>\n    <\/svg>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.83rem;margin:0;color:#555;line-height:1.6;\">\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <strong style=\"color:#c0392b;\">20\u201340%<\/strong> \u0394P.<br>\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size:0.8rem;color:#888;text-align:center;margin-top:0;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0394P \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430 = 0,6. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: Engineering ToolBox \/ \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a ISO 5167.<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 3: PHYSICS \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\n<!-- YOUTUBE VIDEO -->\n<div style=\"margin:32px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;\">\n    <iframe\n      style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;\"\n      src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GXDJvva1g9A\"\n      title=\"Venturi Tubes, Orifice Plates, and Flow Nozzles \u2014 How They Work as Differential Pressure Flow Meters\"\n      allow=\"accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;encrypted-media;gyroscope;picture-in-picture\"\n      allowfullscreen\n loading=\"lazy\">\n    <\/iframe>\n  <\/div>\n  <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;color:#666;margin-top:10px;\">\ud83d\udcfa <em>\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043c.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438<\/strong> \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430), \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e; \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0394P).\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c: \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d <em>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/em> \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 50% \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 25% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 25% \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 6,25% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- FLOW VS DP RELATIONSHIP CHART (CSS) -->\n<div style=\"background:#f9f9f9;border-radius:12px;padding:30px 32px;margin:28px 0;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);\">\n  <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;text-align:center;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f<\/h4>\n  <div style=\"max-width:600px;margin:0 auto;\">\n    <div style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;\">\n      <div>\n        <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 = 25% \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><span style=\"color:#c0392b;font-weight:700;\">\u0394P = 6,251 TP3T \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/span><\/div>\n        <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:22px;\"><div style=\"background:#c0392b;width:6.25%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;min-width:4px;\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 = 50% \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><span style=\"color:#e67e22;font-weight:700;\">\u0394P = 25% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/span><\/div>\n        <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:22px;\"><div style=\"background:#e67e22;width:25%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 = 75% \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/span><span style=\"color:#f0a500;font-weight:700;\">\u0394P = 56,251 TP3T \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/span><\/div>\n        <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:22px;\"><div style=\"background:#f0a500;width:56.25%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 = 100% \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><span style=\"color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u0394P = 100% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/span><\/div>\n        <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:22px;\"><div style=\"background:#2d6a4f;width:100%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:8px;color:#fff;font-size:0.82rem;font-weight:600;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/div><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:0.81rem;color:#888;margin:16px 0 0;\">\u0394P \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 50% \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b DP \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 25% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 DP \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0423\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 ISO 5167 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (Q) \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434:\n<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:10px;padding:20px 24px;margin:20px 0;font-family:monospace;font-size:1.05rem;text-align:center;border-left:5px solid #2d6a4f;\">\n\n  $$Q = C_d \\cdot \\varepsilon \\cdot \\frac{\\pi}{4} \\cdot d^2 \\cdot \\sqrt{\\frac{2 \\cdot \\Delta P}{\\rho \\cdot (1 \u2013 \\beta^4)}}$$\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0413\u0434\u0435: <strong>Q<\/strong> = \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 (\u043c\u00b3\/\u0441); <strong>Cd<\/strong> = \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c ISO 5167); <strong>\u03b5<\/strong> = \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (= 1,0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439; &lt; 1,0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432); <strong>d<\/strong> = \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 (\u043c); <strong>\u0394P<\/strong> = \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u041f\u0430); <strong>\u03c1<\/strong> = \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0433\/\u043c\u00b3); <strong>\u03b2<\/strong> = \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \/ \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b).\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0394P), \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435: \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cd, \u03b2 \u0438 d, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 <strong>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430 (Re)<\/strong> \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435 \u2014 \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e). \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434: Re = (\u03c1 \u00d7 V \u00d7 D) \/ \u03bc, \u0433\u0434\u0435 V \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, D \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b, \u0430 \u03bc \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 Re (\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 ~2 300) \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u2014 \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 Re (\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 ~4 000) \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 2 300 \u0438 4 000 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f? \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (Cd) \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ISO 5167 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, Re &gt; 10 000 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c, Re &gt; 50 000 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b \u0438 Re &gt; 200 000 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0441 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 50 \u0441\u041f) \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 Re.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 4: DEVICE SELECTION \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/h2>\n\n<!-- IMAGE 2 -->\n<figure style=\"margin:28px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1581091226825-a6a2a5aee158?w=1200&#038;q=80\"\n    alt=\"Engineer in protective equipment examining industrial flow measurement instruments and pipe instrumentation at a processing facility\"\n    title=\"Process Engineer Evaluating Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Device Selection\"\n    style=\"width:100%;max-width:920px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\"\n    loading=\"lazy\"\n  \/>\n  <figcaption style=\"color:#666;font-size:0.87rem;margin-top:8px;\">\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043e\u043c, \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443, \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 DP \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u0416\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438:<\/strong> \u0413\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440, \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 0,5% \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0451\u0432) \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446 &gt;2%) \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/flow-meter-selection-guide-choose-the-right-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/a>, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 400 \u00b0C \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 200 \u0431\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 (ASTM A182 F22, Inconel 625) \u2014 \u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <strong>\u0412\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u0412\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 15\u201320 \u0441\u041f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Re, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 ISO 5167. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Re \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- SELECTION DECISION MATRIX TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:28px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \/ \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#f0a500;\">\u25cb \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0430\u0440 (\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\/\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u2717 \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 (API MPMS)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430 (API)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u2717 \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u2717 \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c)<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 (DN \u2265 300), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#e67e22;\">\u2713 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u2717 \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \/ \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#c0392b;\">\u2717 \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;color:#2d6a4f;font-weight:700;\">\u2705 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0412 <strong>\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437<\/strong>, \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 14.3 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 API MPMS \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0412 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438<\/strong>, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ASME PTC 6 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0438\u043d, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ISO 5167-3 \u2014 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c ASME PTC 6, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0412 <strong>\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/strong>, \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438: \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2\u20134 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 5: INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n\n<!-- APPLICATION MARKET SHARE BAR CHART -->\n<div style=\"background:#f9f9f9;border-radius:12px;padding:30px 32px;margin:28px 0;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);\">\n  <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;text-align:center;\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 DP \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c \u2014 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 (%)<\/h4>\n  <div style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;max-width:640px;margin:0 auto;\">\n    <div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;\">~35%<\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:26px;\"><div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;width:35%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;color:#fff;font-size:0.83rem;font-weight:600;\">35%<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span><strong>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#2d6a4f;\">~20%<\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:26px;\"><div style=\"background:#2d6a4f;width:20%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;color:#fff;font-size:0.83rem;font-weight:600;\">20%<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1b3a4b;\">~18%<\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:26px;\"><div style=\"background:#1b3a4b;width:18%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;color:#fff;font-size:0.83rem;font-weight:600;\">18%<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span><strong>\u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0077b6;\">~15%<\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:26px;\"><div style=\"background:#0077b6;width:15%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;color:#fff;font-size:0.83rem;font-weight:600;\">15%<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.88rem;margin-bottom:3px;\"><span><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0435 (\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u043f\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430)<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight:700;color:#e67e22;\">~12%<\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"background:#e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;height:26px;\"><div style=\"background:#e67e22;width:12%;height:100%;border-radius:5px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;color:#fff;font-size:0.83rem;font-weight:600;\">12%<\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:0.81rem;color:#888;margin:16px 0 0;\">\u041e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: MarketsandMarkets 2024, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0420\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 2024\u00bb. \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437: \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0438<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 14.3 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 API MPMS (AGA-3) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f 0,51 TP3T, \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c 10 \u043c\u043b\u043d Nm\u00b3\/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 15 000\u201320 000 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0438 \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0412\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e 20\u201322 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438, 365 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c DN 400 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 90% \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0394P, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 35% \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e <strong>12 000\u201322 000 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/strong> \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0410\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b (EPA) \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0415\u0421. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b) \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 ISO 5167. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430: \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u2014 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DP) \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b: \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e; \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430; \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 2%, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 2% \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 6: INSTALLATION BEST PRACTICES \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435: \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<!-- IMAGE 3 -->\n<figure style=\"margin:28px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1621905252507-b35492cc74b4?w=1200&#038;q=80\"\n    alt=\"Industrial instrumentation technician installing and commissioning flow measurement equipment on a flanged pipeline\"\n    title=\"Technician Installing Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Equipment on Industrial Pipeline\"\n    style=\"width:100%;max-width:920px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\"\n    loading=\"lazy\"\n  \/>\n  <figcaption style=\"color:#666;font-size:0.87rem;margin-top:8px;\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f 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\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f 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\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0451\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ISO 5167 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b (D = \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b).\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- STRAIGHT PIPE TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0430<br>(\u03b2 = 0,6)<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0421\u043e\u043f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<br>(\u03b2 = 0,6)<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438<br>(\u03b2 = 0,6)<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<br>(\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430)<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0431 (\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">18D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">16D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">10D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">6D<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f (\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">40D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">35D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">25D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">6D<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">44D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">40D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">30D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">6D<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">16D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">12D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">8D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">4D<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 (\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439 2:1)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">20D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">18D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">12D<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">5D<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n  <tfoot>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f0f0f0;\">\n      <td colspan=\"5\" style=\"padding:10px 15px;font-size:0.81rem;color:#666;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: ISO 5167:2022. D \u2014 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u03b2 = 0,6; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u03b2 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ISO 5167-2 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 25,4 \u043c\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b D \u0438 D\/2 (\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 1 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 0,5D \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u044b). \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0443\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/strong> \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430; \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 30% \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 2\u20134% \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/strong> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/strong> \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0394P.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/strong> \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 1 \u043c\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435 DN 100 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 Cd \u043d\u0430 0,5\u20131,5%.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d (\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440)<\/strong> \u2014 \u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 2\u20135% \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n    <li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/strong> \u2014 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 (10\u201315%), \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 7: ACCURACY, MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 ISO 5167, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u00b10,5\u20131,51 TP3T \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u00b14\u201381 TP3T.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0422\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f: (1) \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 (\u00b10,5\u20131,5% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 ISO 5167); (2) \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 (0\u20135% \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 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\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0394P), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u2014 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n<!-- MAINTENANCE TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0423\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 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   <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0412\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 0 \u0394P; \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 6 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 3\u20135 \u043b\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439; \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\/\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 2\u20133 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f; \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\/\u0443\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438\/\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 DCS\/SCADA<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0415\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">\u0415\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0394P \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/flow-meter-sensor-calibration-setup-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/a> \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c DP.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a<\/h3>\n\n<!-- TROUBLESHOOTING TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.90rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#1b3a4b;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid #0d1b2a;text-align:left;\">\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid #0d1b2a;text-align:left;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid #0d1b2a;text-align:left;\">\u042d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid #0d1b2a;text-align:left;\">\u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u042d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430; \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\/\u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0443; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430; \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438; \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438; \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\/\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0428\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0413\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0421\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c; \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0444\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u0432; \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0412\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438; \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0421\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430; \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \/ \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438; \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430; \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438; \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u044b; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\/\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430; \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 DCS; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:10px 14px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 8: INTEGRATION WITH CONTROL SYSTEMS \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n<!-- IMAGE 4 -->\n<figure style=\"margin:28px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1581092160607-ee22731c9e0f?w=1200&#038;q=80\"\n    alt=\"Modern industrial control room with multiple screens showing real-time process flow data from SCADA systems\"\n    title=\"Industrial SCADA Control Room Monitoring Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Data\"\n    style=\"width:100%;max-width:920px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\"\n    loading=\"lazy\"\n  \/>\n  <figcaption style=\"color:#666;font-size:0.87rem;margin-top:8px;\">\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b SCADA \u0438 DCS \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 DP, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c SCADA, \u041f\u041b\u041a \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- SIGNAL TYPE TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b 4\u201320 \u043c\u0410<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442: 4 \u043c\u0410 = 0% \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430, 20 \u043c\u0410 = 100%<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">HART (\u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 4\u201320 \u043c\u0410)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440 4\u201320 \u043c\u0410; \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; HART-7 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">FOUNDATION Fieldbus<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439; \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445; \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438; \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">PROFIBUS PA<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">European industrial bus standard; intrinsically safe version available<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Full diagnostics; hazardous area compatible<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">European chemical and pharmaceutical plants<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">Modbus RTU \/ TCP<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Serial or Ethernet-based; widely used in SCADA systems<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Register-based diagnostics; depends on device implementation<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Remote monitoring; integration with plant SCADA; data logging<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  All instrumentation from <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \"\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439<\/a> supports 4\u201320 mA, pulse, HART, and Modbus as standard outputs, with compatibility for SCADA, DCS, and PLC systems across all major industrial platforms. This integration flexibility eliminates the most common obstacle in brownfield upgrades: signal incompatibility with the existing control system.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">Signal Conditioning and Transmitter Selection<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  The DP transmitter is the electronic heart of the measurement loop. For distributors, transmitter selection is often where the greatest value can be added \u2014 because clients frequently underestimate the importance of transmitter specifications relative to the primary element.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  Key transmitter specifications to match to the application: <strong>rangeability<\/strong> (a 100:1 rangeability transmitter can accurately read from 1% to 100% of span \u2014 critical for processes with variable flow); <strong>static pressure rating<\/strong> (must exceed maximum line pressure, not just differential pressure \u2014 a 250 bar static rating is required for high-pressure steam service even if design \u0394P is only 50 kPa); <strong>temperature compensation<\/strong> (high-quality transmitters compensate for ambient temperature effects on the sensing element, maintaining accuracy across seasonal temperature swings); and <strong>multi-variable capability<\/strong> (simultaneous \u0394P, static pressure, and temperature measurement for gas\/steam mass flow compensation). The <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/smart-pressure-transmitter-comparison-industrial-applications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">smart pressure transmitter comparison guide<\/a> provides a framework for evaluating these specifications systematically.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">Real-Time Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance Strategies<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  HART-7 and digital bus transmitters push far more than a flow number to the control system. A modern smart DP transmitter continuously logs: \u0394P trend data, static pressure at the measurement point, internal electronics temperature, diagnostic flags for sensor drift, and communication health indicators. Platforms that aggregate this data across all DP loops in a plant \u2014 plotting \u0394P trends at constant flow conditions to detect progressive fouling or erosion \u2014 convert the measurement system from a passive indicator into an active asset health monitor.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  For distributors, predictive maintenance is a service opportunity: help clients configure their DCS historian to flag DP measurement loops where the trend at standard operating conditions has drifted more than \u00b11% from the baseline established at commissioning. This automated alert system identifies measurement degradation before it affects process control or regulatory compliance \u2014 and it positions you as the technical partner who prevents problems rather than the vendor who shows up after they occur.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 9: REGULATORY COMPLIANCE \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">Regulatory Compliance and Standards for Differential Pressure Measurement<\/h2>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">ISO 5167 Standards and Certification Requirements<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:5167:-1:ed-3:v1:en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">ISO 5167:2022<\/a> is the primary international standard for DP flow measurement with pressure differential devices in circular pipes with full-bore flow. It consists of six parts: Part 1 covers general principles applicable to all devices; Part 2 covers orifice plates; Part 3 covers nozzles and Venturi nozzles; Part 4 covers Venturi tubes; Part 5 covers cone meters; Part 6 covers wedge meters.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  Compliance with ISO 5167 does not require external certification \u2014 it is a self-declaration by the manufacturer and installer that the device geometry, installation, and calculation methodology meet the standard&#8217;s requirements. However, that declaration must be backed by documented evidence: dimensional inspection certificates for the primary element, pipe internal diameter measurement records, installation drawings showing actual straight-pipe dimensions, and transmitter calibration records. When a client faces a regulatory audit, a measurement point where these records are complete and correct passes in minutes; one where records are incomplete triggers an investigation that can last weeks.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- STANDARDS TABLE -->\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:24px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.91rem;box-shadow:0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.09);\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;\">\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">Standard<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">Scope<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:left;\">Key Requirement<\/th>\n      <th style=\"padding:13px 15px;border:1px solid #1b3a4b;text-align:center;\">Region<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">ISO 5167:2022<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">All DP primary elements in circular pipes<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Geometry, installation, Cd, uncertainty calculation<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">Global<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">API MPMS Chapter 14.3 (AGA-3)<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Natural gas custody transfer orifice metering<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Meter tube spec; plate inspection; calculation method<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">North America<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">ASME MFC-3M<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">DP flow measurement in closed conduits<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">North American equivalent to ISO 5167<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">North America<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">ASME PTC 6<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Steam turbine performance testing flow nozzles<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Throat-tap nozzle geometry; uncertainty \u2264 \u00b10.25%<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">Global<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#fff;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">PED 2014\/68\/EU<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Pressure equipment for European markets<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">CE marking; conformity assessment; documentation<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">EU \/ EEA<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr style=\"background:#f4f8fb;\">\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;font-weight:600;\">ISO 50001<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Energy management systems certification<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;\">Traceable energy metering; uncertainty budgets<\/td>\n      <td style=\"padding:11px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;\">Global<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">Documentation and Validation for Audit Readiness<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  A complete compliance documentation package for a DP flow measurement system includes seven elements: (1) dimensional inspection report for the primary element (CMM preferred); (2) material test reports (EN 10204 3.1 minimum for pressure-retaining components); (3) installation drawing showing actual as-built straight-pipe lengths; (4) transmitter calibration certificate with traceability chain; (5) flow calculation sheet showing Cd, beta ratio, design \u0394P, and measurement uncertainty at operating conditions; (6) commissioning record confirming initial zero verification and system functionality check; and (7) maintenance log showing all subsequent verification activities. Distributors who supply this package as standard practice at system delivery differentiate themselves from competitors who ship hardware only \u2014 and they significantly reduce client risk at audit time.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 SECTION 10: BUILDING YOUR SALES STRATEGY \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">Building Your Sales and Support Strategy Around Differential Pressure Solutions<\/h2>\n\n<!-- IMAGE 5 -->\n<figure style=\"margin:28px 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/images.unsplash.com\/photo-1507003211169-0a1dd7228f2d?w=1200&#038;q=80\"\n    alt=\"Technical sales professional presenting industrial flow measurement solutions to engineering clients in a meeting room\"\n    title=\"Technical Sales Presentation of Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Solutions to Industrial Clients\"\n    style=\"width:100%;max-width:920px;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);\"\n    loading=\"lazy\"\n  \/>\n  <figcaption style=\"color:#666;font-size:0.87rem;margin-top:8px;\">The distributors who win complex DP flow measurement projects are those who can present a complete technical and compliance case \u2014 not just a product catalog. Technical expertise is your most durable competitive advantage.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:36px;\">Educating Your Clients on Technology Advantages<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  The most effective client education for DP flow measurement is financial, not technical. Plant engineers understand engineering; their managers understand money. The conversation that opens budget approval is not &#8220;the flow nozzle has a lower discharge coefficient uncertainty than the orifice plate&#8221; \u2014 it is &#8220;upgrading those six orifice plates on your main steam lines to flow nozzles will reduce your annual pump energy cost by USD 18,000, extend your replacement interval from 3 years to 12 years, and eliminate the measurement bias that caused your last billing dispute.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  To have that conversation, you need: the client&#8217;s current device type and age, their electricity cost per kWh, their steam or water volume at each measurement point, and an estimate of their current maintenance schedule and replacement cost. With those five data points, you can construct a compelling TCO comparison in 30 minutes using a simple spreadsheet. The clients who receive that analysis \u2014 backed by real numbers from their own plant \u2014 buy upgrade projects. The clients who receive a product catalog do not.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">Developing Technical Specification Sheets for Different Applications<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  A well-structured specification template for each DP device type \u2014 orifice plate, flow nozzle, Venturi \u2014 eliminates the most common cause of delivery problems: incomplete application data. The template should capture: pipe internal diameter (measured), fluid type and properties at operating conditions (density, viscosity, phase), operating pressure and temperature (min\/normal\/max), mass flow range (min\/normal\/max), available straight pipe (upstream and downstream), flange standard and pressure class, required output signal and communication protocol, applicable standard (ISO 5167 part, API MPMS, ASME PTC 6), and required certification documents.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  Distributors who use such templates consistently: place more accurate orders, receive fewer RMAs, generate fewer site support calls, and build a reputation with their supplier (and with their clients&#8217; engineers) as technically reliable partners. That reputation compounds over time \u2014 the client who experienced zero commissioning surprises on the first project will give you the next five without going through a competitive tender.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h3 style=\"color:#1b3a4b;margin-top:44px;\">Creating After-Sales Support Protocols and Training Programs<\/h3>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  After-sales support for DP flow measurement systems is a revenue opportunity that most distributors leave on the table. The services that create genuine client value \u2014 and that clients will pay for \u2014 include: annual measurement loop verification (transmitter zero check, impulse line inspection, primary element visual inspection); calibration verification against traceable reference standards; installation qualification reports documenting ISO 5167 compliance; and a spare parts inventory program that guarantees rapid replacement of critical components.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  For training your internal team, build capability in three areas sequentially. First, application data collection: ensure every salesperson can ask the right questions to fully define a DP flow measurement application before any product is quoted. Second, device sizing: at minimum, ensure your team can verify that a proposed beta ratio and design \u0394P are in the correct range for the application, and can flag obvious mismatches before they become field problems. Third, compliance documentation: train at least one person in your organization to assemble a complete ISO 5167 compliance documentation package \u2014 this person becomes your competitive advantage on regulated-industry projects. For deeper technical foundations, the <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/how-to-choose-a-flow-meter-5-factors-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;font-weight:600;\">engineer&#8217;s guide to flow meter selection<\/a> covers application assessment methodology that directly maps to DP device selection.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 CONCLUSION \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">Making Differential Pressure Measurement Your Competitive Advantage<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  Differential pressure flow measurement \u2014 through Venturi meters, flow nozzles, and orifice plates \u2014 is not a commodity market. The technical depth required to specify the right device, install it correctly, document it for compliance, and maintain it for long-term accuracy is substantial. Most distributors operate at the commodity end of this market, competing on price for catalog items.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  The distributors who build genuine technical expertise \u2014 who can walk into a client&#8217;s plant, review their P&amp;ID, identify where measurement quality is costing them money, and propose a specification-compliant solution with complete documentation \u2014 compete in a different market. They win projects that commodity distributors are never invited to quote on. Their margins are structurally higher. Their client relationships are longer. And every successful project generates documented performance data that accelerates the next sale.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"line-height:1.88;font-size:1.0rem;\">\n  This guide is the foundation of that expertise. The next step is applying it \u2014 starting with your existing client portfolio. Identify one client with aging orifice plates in steam service, one with a large-diameter water line, and one in natural gas distribution. Run a TCO analysis for each. Present the results. The conversations that follow will show you precisely where the technical expertise in DP flow measurement creates business value in your territory.\n<\/p>\n\n<!-- CTA BOX -->\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0d1b2a 0%,#1b3a4b 60%,#2d6a4f 100%);color:#fff;padding:44px 40px;border-radius:14px;margin:52px 0 0;text-align:center;\">\n  <h3 style=\"margin:0 0 16px;font-size:1.4rem;\">Ready to Make DP Measurement Your Competitive Edge?<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"line-height:1.85;font-size:1.0rem;margin:0 0 28px;max-width:660px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;\">\n    Access our complete Differential Pressure Device Selection Matrix, ISO 5167 Compliance Checklist, Installation and Commissioning Worksheets, and Technical Specification Templates \u2014 designed specifically for B2B distributors and agents to close deals faster and build lasting client relationships.\n  <\/p>\n  <div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;justify-content:center;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/contact-jade-ant-instruments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:#52b788;color:#0d1b2a;padding:14px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;font-size:1rem;\">\ud83d\udce9 Download Resource Package<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:inline-block;background:transparent;border:2px solid #fff;color:#fff;padding:14px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;font-size:1rem;\">\ud83d\udd2c Browse Product Portfolio<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n  <p style=\"margin:22px 0 0;font-size:0.87rem;opacity:0.75;\">Jade Ant Instruments \u2014 ISO-certified manufacturer of differential pressure flow elements, electromagnetic meters, vortex meters, and complete measurement systems for global distributors and agents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 GLOSSARY \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\ud83d\udcd6 Extended Glossary of Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Terms<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;margin:20px 0;\">\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Vena Contracta<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">The point downstream of an orifice plate where the jet of fluid has contracted to its minimum cross-section and reached its maximum velocity. Located approximately 0.5\u20130.7 pipe diameters downstream of the plate. The low-pressure tap in corner-tap installations samples pressure closest to the vena contracta.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Expansibility Factor (\u03b5)<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">A correction factor applied to the ISO 5167 flow equation for compressible fluids (gases and vapors). For liquids, \u03b5 = 1.0. For gases, \u03b5 is less than 1.0 and accounts for the density reduction as the gas accelerates through the restriction. Omitting this correction in gas measurement causes systematic under-reading.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Custody Transfer<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">The legal measurement of a fluid at the point where ownership or financial responsibility changes hands \u2014 e.g., at a gas pipeline delivery point or a refinery offtake. Custody transfer measurement has the highest accuracy and documentation requirements of any flow measurement application.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Five-Valve Manifold<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">A valve assembly with two isolation valves (block the high and low impulse lines), one equalization valve (connects HP and LP lines together for zero verification), and two drain\/bleed valves. Allows safe transmitter removal, zero checking, and line purging without shutting down the process line.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Square-Root Extraction<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">The mathematical operation performed by the flow computer to convert \u0394P into flow rate. Since \u0394P \u221d Q\u00b2, the flow rate Q \u221d \u221a\u0394P. This extraction must be performed by the flow computer, not pre-applied in the transmitter&#8217;s output scaling, to avoid compounding non-linearity errors.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">The ratio of maximum to minimum measurable flow at specified accuracy. A 4:1 turndown means the meter reads accurately from 100% down to 25% of design flow. DP meters have inherently limited turndown because \u0394P at 25% flow is only 6.25% of design \u2014 approaching transmitter noise floor.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">Wet Leg<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">An impulse line filled with liquid (typically condensate or a reference fluid) rather than process gas or steam. Used in steam and high-temperature gas applications where direct contact of process fluid with the transmitter diaphragm is not acceptable. Requires careful equalization of liquid column heights on both HP and LP sides.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;flex:1;min-width:210px;\">\n    <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;\">HART Protocol<\/p>\n    <p style=\"font-size:0.87rem;margin:0;line-height:1.65;\">Highway Addressable Remote Transducer. A digital communication protocol that superimposes a digital signal on the standard 4\u201320 mA analog loop. Allows bi-directional communication for configuration, diagnostics, and secondary variable transmission without changing the existing wiring infrastructure.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- \u2500\u2500 FAQ SECTION (GEO OPTIMIZED) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 -->\n<h2 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;border-bottom:3px solid #52b788;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:56px;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n\n<!-- FAQ 1 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">1. What is the primary difference between a Venturi meter and an orifice plate?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    The defining difference is pressure recovery. A Venturi meter&#8217;s smooth diverging outlet cone allows the fluid to re-expand gradually, recovering 85\u201395% of the differential pressure it creates \u2014 meaning only 5\u201315% is permanently lost as energy. An orifice plate&#8217;s abrupt sharp-edged restriction creates a turbulent downstream expansion that wastes 60\u201380% of the created \u0394P permanently. For a DN 300 water main at 1,000 m\u00b3\/h, this difference translates to USD 12,000\u201325,000 per year in pump energy savings for the Venturi. The trade-off: Venturi meters cost 3\u20135\u00d7 more upfront and require 5\u20138 pipe diameters more installation length. For large, continuously operating fluid systems where energy cost is significant, the Venturi&#8217;s TCO advantage over 10 years typically far exceeds its capital cost premium. For low-flow, intermittent, or budget-constrained applications, the orifice plate remains the most cost-effective starting point.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 2 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">2. How do I determine which differential pressure device is best for my customer&#8217;s application?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Use a five-factor assessment framework. First, <strong>fluid type and cleanliness<\/strong>: clean liquids or gases allow all three devices; abrasive\/erosive fluids eliminate orifice plates; highly contaminated slurries (&gt;2% solids) may eliminate all DP devices in favor of electromagnetic or Coriolis meters. Second, <strong>temperature and pressure<\/strong>: above 400 \u00b0C \/ 200 bar, flow nozzles in appropriate alloys are preferred over thin orifice plates. Third, <strong>energy cost sensitivity<\/strong>: for large, continuously operated lines where pump energy is a major expense, Venturi meters deliver lowest TCO. Fourth, <strong>installation space<\/strong>: space-constrained retrofits favour flow nozzles and orifice plates over Venturi tubes. Fifth, <strong>regulatory standard<\/strong>: natural gas custody transfer in North America defaults to API MPMS 14.3 orifice meters; steam turbine performance testing defaults to ASME PTC 6 flow nozzles. Matching these factors to the device selection table in this guide will identify the optimal choice for most applications within five minutes.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 3 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">3. What is the minimum straight-run pipe requirement for accurate differential pressure measurement?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    ISO 5167 specifies the minimum upstream and downstream straight-pipe lengths based on the disturbance type and the device&#8217;s beta ratio (throat diameter \/ pipe diameter). For a long-radius flow nozzle or orifice plate at beta = 0.6 after a single elbow: approximately 16\u201318 pipe diameters (D) upstream and 6D downstream. After two out-of-plane elbows: 35\u201340D upstream. After a control valve: 40\u201344D upstream. Venturi tubes are generally more tolerant, requiring 10\u201325D for equivalent disturbances. If the available straight run is shorter than the ISO requirement, flow conditioning devices (tube bundle straighteners, perforated plate conditioners) can reduce the requirement by 40\u201360%, but they must be specified and documented as part of the measurement system. Installing a DP device with insufficient straight run without a flow conditioner and without documenting the deviation will typically produce a systematic 2\u20136% measurement error that cannot be corrected by recalibrating the transmitter.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 4 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">4. Can differential pressure flow meters be used for compressible gases and vapors?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Yes, DP meters are widely used for compressible gas and vapor measurement \u2014 but the flow calculation must include two corrections that are not required for liquids. First, the <strong>expansibility factor (\u03b5)<\/strong>: this accounts for the reduction in gas density as it accelerates through the restriction. For typical industrial DP ratios (\u0394P\/P \u2264 0.2), \u03b5 is typically 0.95\u20130.99 \u2014 a small but not negligible correction. Second, <strong>density compensation<\/strong>: gas density varies significantly with both pressure and temperature. Without live pressure and temperature measurement and real-time density calculation (using ideal gas law or the appropriate real gas equation of state), mass flow accuracy degrades rapidly as operating conditions deviate from the design-basis density assumption. A multi-variable DP transmitter that simultaneously measures \u0394P, static pressure, and temperature provides the inputs for accurate compensated gas mass flow calculation \u2014 and is strongly recommended for any gas application where accuracy better than \u00b13% is required.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 5 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">5. How often should differential pressure measurement systems be calibrated?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Calibration frequency depends on the application criticality, fluid cleanliness, and regulatory requirements. For clean liquid or gas service in process control (non-custody): transmitter zero verification every 6 months; full span calibration every 2\u20133 years. For steam or dirty fluid service: zero verification every 3 months; full calibration annually. For custody transfer applications (API MPMS, fiscal metering): typically annual formal calibration with traceable reference, plus more frequent zero checks per contract requirements. The ISO 50001 energy management standard recommends calibration intervals based on a documented uncertainty analysis \u2014 more frequent for high-energy-cost measurement points, less frequent for low-consequence utility monitoring. The single most valuable calibration practice for DP systems is regular zero verification: closing the manifold equalize valve and confirming the transmitter reads zero \u0394P. This catches the most common failure mode (zero drift from impulse line imbalance) without requiring a full calibration shutdown.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 6 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">6. What causes zero drift in differential pressure transmitters, and how can it be prevented?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Zero drift \u2014 a shift in the transmitter output when no differential pressure exists \u2014 has five primary causes. First, <strong>thermal effects on the transmitter electronics<\/strong>: ambient temperature changes cause small shifts in the sensing bridge; modern smart transmitters compensate for this internally, but older analog transmitters do not. Second, <strong>impulse line imbalance<\/strong>: unequal liquid fill levels in the two impulse legs create a static head difference that offsets the zero; in steam service, unequal condensation pot fill levels are the most common cause. Third, <strong>impulse line partial blockage<\/strong>: a partial blockage on one side creates an asymmetric pressure transmission lag. Fourth, <strong>vibration fatigue on the sensing diaphragm<\/strong>: high vibration environments can cause progressive drift in mechanical sensing elements. Fifth, <strong>process pressure overloads<\/strong>: a pressure surge exceeding the transmitter&#8217;s overload rating can permanently distort the sensing element. Prevention combines: installing modern smart transmitters with onboard temperature compensation, equalizing condensate pots at every maintenance visit, mounting transmitters away from vibration sources, and specifying transmitters with overrange protection ratings at least 10\u00d7 the design DP.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 7 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">7. How do I size the impulse lines and pressure taps correctly for my installation?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Pressure tap bore diameter per ISO 5167 must be between 4 mm and 10 mm (for standard flange taps). Larger than 10 mm risks disturbing the pressure field near the tap; smaller than 4 mm risks blockage from process debris. Impulse line (tubing) diameter is typically 6\u201312 mm OD for standard industrial installations \u2014 sufficient for signal transmission without excessive volume that would slow response. Material selection must match the process fluid and pressure: SS 316 for most applications; carbon steel is acceptable for clean, non-corrosive fluids at moderate pressure but not for steam or corrosive fluids. Tap alignment on the pipe must be radially symmetric: high and low-pressure taps at the same angular position (top, side, or bottom) to avoid gravity-induced differential head errors. Avoid tapping at the bottom of a pipe in gas service (liquid accumulates there and creates false \u0394P) and avoid the top of a pipe in liquid service (gas pockets accumulate there and create noise).\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 8 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">8. What is the impact of Reynolds number on differential pressure flow measurement accuracy?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    The discharge coefficient (Cd) of every DP primary element varies with Reynolds number. At high Re (fully turbulent flow, Re &gt; 10\u2075 for orifice plates, Re &gt; 5 \u00d7 10\u2074 for nozzles), Cd is essentially constant \u2014 this is the operating regime where ISO 5167 achieves its stated accuracy. At lower Re, Cd varies non-linearly and the ISO standard&#8217;s fixed Cd values become increasingly inaccurate, potentially introducing systematic errors of 1\u20135% or more. This matters practically for high-viscosity fluids (heavy oils, glycols, polymers), very low flow rate applications, small pipe sizes, or gas applications at very low pressure. The solution is to either calculate Re at minimum operating conditions and verify it exceeds the ISO minimum for the chosen device, or to select a device type with a lower minimum Re specification (Venturi tubes generally perform better at lower Re than orifice plates). For very low Reynolds number applications, Coriolis or positive displacement meters are often more appropriate than any DP device.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 9 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">9. Can I retrofit an existing pipe section with a differential pressure device without major modifications?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Yes, with varying levels of modification depending on the device type. Orifice plates are the easiest retrofit \u2014 they fit between existing flanges in a standard spacing, with modification limited to drilling the pressure taps (if not already present) and installing a five-valve manifold and transmitter. The total shutdown time is typically 4\u20138 hours. Flow nozzles require slightly more consideration \u2014 the nozzle body is longer than a bare orifice plate, so the face-to-face dimension of the spool must accommodate it. In many cases this is possible within existing flanges; in others a short pipe spool replacement is needed. Venturi meters are the most demanding retrofit: their physical length (5\u20138 pipe diameters) typically requires removing and replacing a significant pipe spool, and the associated welding and hydrostatic testing can require 1\u20133 days of outage. For all retrofits, the critical pre-installation check is the straight-pipe availability \u2014 if the existing piping cannot meet ISO 5167 requirements, a flow conditioning device must be incorporated into the specification before the order is placed.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 10 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">10. How do I integrate a differential pressure transmitter with my customer&#8217;s existing SCADA system?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Integration pathway depends on the SCADA system&#8217;s input capability. For 4\u201320 mA inputs (the most common legacy configuration): wire the transmitter output directly to the SCADA analog input card; configure the SCADA tag for the correct engineering units and range; verify that the flow calculation (square-root extraction, density compensation) is performed either in the transmitter or in the SCADA flow calculation block \u2014 not both. For HART-enabled SCADA systems: most modern DCS\/SCADA platforms support HART primary value via the 4\u201320 mA loop and secondary HART digital values via HART multiplexers or field communicators. For Modbus RTU\/TCP integration: configure the transmitter&#8217;s Modbus register map to match the SCADA&#8217;s polling configuration; ensure the register scaling (integer vs. floating point, engineering units factor) matches between transmitter and SCADA. For FOUNDATION Fieldbus or PROFIBUS PA: these are device-bus architectures requiring segment power supplies, bus terminators, and device description (DD) file installation in the host system \u2014 consult the transmitter manufacturer&#8217;s integration manual for the specific host system being used.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 11 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">11. What are the advantages of flow nozzles over Venturi meters in high-velocity applications?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    In high-velocity applications \u2014 particularly superheated steam above 300 \u00b0C, high-pressure gas above 100 bar, or any service with significant velocity fluctuations \u2014 flow nozzles offer three specific advantages over Venturi meters. First, <strong>physical compactness<\/strong>: a flow nozzle fits in 0.5\u20132 pipe diameters of axial length vs. 5\u20138 pipe diameters for a Venturi. In confined plant spaces and retrofit situations, this difference is frequently decisive. Second, <strong>structural integrity<\/strong>: the solid machined body of a flow nozzle resists thermal distortion and pressure surge damage better than the longer, more complex Venturi body in extreme cycling service. Third, <strong>cost<\/strong>: for the same pipe size and pressure class, a flow nozzle costs 30\u201360% less than a Venturi tube. The Venturi&#8217;s advantage \u2014 significantly better pressure recovery and lower permanent energy loss \u2014 remains valuable in large, continuously operating systems where capital cost is less important than long-term energy efficiency. For pipe sizes below DN 200 or in applications with intermittent operation, the Venturi&#8217;s energy advantage rarely justifies its cost and size premium over a well-designed flow nozzle.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 12 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">12. How do temperature and pressure fluctuations affect differential pressure measurement?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Temperature and pressure fluctuations affect DP measurement through two independent mechanisms. First, they change the <strong>fluid density<\/strong> \u2014 and since mass flow equals volumetric flow multiplied by density, any uncompensated density change directly errors the mass flow reading. At 100 \u00b0C water temperature, a 10 \u00b0C change alters density by approximately 0.2%; in superheated steam at 500 \u00b0C, the same pressure change of 5 bar alters density by approximately 3%. Without live temperature and pressure compensation, these errors accumulate unnoticed. Second, extreme temperature fluctuations affect the <strong>transmitter electronics<\/strong>: most modern smart transmitters specify accuracy across an ambient temperature range of \u221240 \u00b0C to +85 \u00b0C, with temperature-induced zero and span shifts of 0.05\u20130.2% per 10 \u00b0C within that range. For outdoor installations with large seasonal temperature swings, verify that the transmitter&#8217;s combined temperature-induced error at the site&#8217;s temperature range is within the required measurement uncertainty budget \u2014 and insulate the transmitter if necessary to stabilize its operating environment.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 13 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">13. What maintenance procedures should be performed on differential pressure systems annually?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    An annual maintenance checklist for a DP flow measurement system should cover seven items. (1) <strong>Transmitter zero check<\/strong>: equalize the five-valve manifold and verify zero \u0394P output; record the as-found zero and compare to the previous annual reading to track drift trend. (2) <strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong>: visually inspect all impulse tubing and fittings for corrosion, mechanical damage, or evidence of leakage; perform pressure test if accessible. (3) <strong>Drain\/vent valve operation<\/strong>: verify all drain and vent valves on the impulse lines open and close correctly; purge lines where practical to remove trapped gas or debris. (4) <strong>Condensation pot inspection (steam systems)<\/strong>: drain and re-fill condensation pots to ensure equal liquid column heights; check for sediment or scale accumulation inside pots. (5) <strong>Flange gasket check<\/strong>: visually inspect all flanged connections for evidence of leakage; replace any gaskets showing compression creep or extrusion into the bore. (6) <strong>DCS trend review<\/strong>: review the DCS historian trend of \u0394P at standard operating conditions over the past 12 months; identify any gradual drift for investigation. (7) <strong>Documentation update<\/strong>: record all as-found and as-left measurements in the maintenance log; update the calibration interval register; flag any approaching calibration due dates.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 14 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">14. Are differential pressure meters suitable for measuring slurry or highly viscous fluids?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Standard orifice plates are not suitable for slurry or highly viscous fluids. The sharp orifice edge erodes rapidly in abrasive slurries, and viscous fluids increase the Reynolds number sensitivity of the discharge coefficient. For slurry applications: Venturi tubes (with their smooth profile) are the most tolerant DP device, but even Venturis are typically limited to slurries below 5\u201310% solids by weight. Wedge meters \u2014 a specialized DP device with a V-shaped restriction that resists blockage \u2014 perform better in moderate slurry service. Above 10% solids, electromagnetic flow meters are typically the correct choice (no restriction in the flow path, unaffected by particle size or density). For highly viscous fluids (above 50 cP at operating conditions): all DP devices become problematic because the Reynolds number at typical industrial velocities falls below the ISO 5167 minimum, and the Cd becomes strongly Re-dependent. Coriolis meters, which are unaffected by viscosity and measure mass flow directly, are the standard solution for high-viscosity applications. The decision boundary is straightforward: if Re at minimum flow is below 10,000, do not specify any standard DP device without careful calculation of the Cd correction and its impact on uncertainty.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ 15 -->\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dde8e0;border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:14px;overflow:hidden;\">\n  <div style=\"background:#0d1b2a;color:#fff;padding:14px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:0.97rem;\">15. How do I validate that my differential pressure measurement system meets regulatory compliance standards?<\/div>\n  <div style=\"padding:16px 20px;font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.85;background:#fff;\">\n    Regulatory compliance validation for a DP flow system is a documentation exercise as much as a technical one. The validation process has five steps. Step 1: <strong>Confirm applicable standard<\/strong> \u2014 identify whether the installation must comply with ISO 5167, API MPMS 14.3, ASME MFC-3M, ASME PTC 6, or a regional standard, based on fluid type, application, and regulatory jurisdiction. Step 2: <strong>Verify primary element compliance<\/strong> \u2014 confirm that the supplied primary element has a dimensional inspection certificate showing all critical dimensions (bore\/throat diameter, beta ratio, inlet profile geometry) are within the standard&#8217;s specified tolerances. Step 3: <strong>Verify installation compliance<\/strong> \u2014 produce an as-built installation drawing showing actual upstream and downstream straight-pipe lengths, and compare to the ISO 5167 minimum requirements for the installed device and beta ratio. Step 4: <strong>Verify transmitter traceability<\/strong> \u2014 confirm the transmitter&#8217;s calibration certificate includes a traceable reference standard (NIST or equivalent national metrology institute), the calibration date, and the as-found\/as-left values. Step 5: <strong>Calculate measurement uncertainty<\/strong> \u2014 prepare a measurement uncertainty budget per ISO\/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM) that combines all uncertainty sources and confirms the combined uncertainty is within the regulatory requirement. This five-step package forms the audit record that regulatory inspectors and client quality teams will request.\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES -->\n<div style=\"background:#f0f7f4;border-radius:12px;padding:28px 30px;margin:44px 0 0;\">\n  <h3 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin-top:0;\">\ud83d\udcda Downloadable Resources and Further Reading<\/h3>\n  <p style=\"font-size:0.93rem;line-height:1.75;margin:0 0 16px;\">The following resources are available to support your DP flow measurement specification and sales activities:<\/p>\n\n  <div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin-bottom:24px;\">\n    <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;flex:1;min-width:200px;border:1px solid #dde8e0;\">\n      <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;font-size:0.92rem;\">\ud83d\udcca Device Selection Matrix<\/p>\n      <p style=\"font-size:0.85rem;margin:0;color:#555;\">Venturi \/ Nozzle \/ Orifice comparison across 20 application parameters<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;flex:1;min-width:200px;border:1px solid #dde8e0;\">\n      <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;font-size:0.92rem;\">\u2705 ISO 5167 Compliance Checklist<\/p>\n      <p style=\"font-size:0.85rem;margin:0;color:#555;\">12-point pre-delivery and post-installation verification list<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;flex:1;min-width:200px;border:1px solid #dde8e0;\">\n      <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;font-size:0.92rem;\">\ud83d\udccb Application Data Template<\/p>\n      <p style=\"font-size:0.85rem;margin:0;color:#555;\">Structured RFQ form for accurate DP device specification<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div style=\"background:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 16px;flex:1;min-width:200px;border:1px solid #dde8e0;\">\n      <p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 4px;font-size:0.92rem;\">\ud83d\udd27 Maintenance Log Template<\/p>\n      <p style=\"font-size:0.85rem;margin:0;color:#555;\">Audit-ready calibration and maintenance record format<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <h4 style=\"color:#0d1b2a;margin:0 0 12px;\">External Technical References:<\/h4>\n  <ul style=\"line-height:2.1;font-size:0.91rem;margin:0;padding-left:20px;\">\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:5167:-1:ed-3:v1:en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">ISO 5167-1:2022 \u2014 General Principles for DP Flow Measurement<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/orifice-nozzle-venturi-d_590.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">Engineering ToolBox \u2014 Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi Flow Meter Principles and Calculations<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/differential-pressure-flow-meter-tutorial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">Jade Ant Instruments \u2014 Practical Insights into Differential Pressure Flow Measurement<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/flow-meter-selection-guide-choose-the-right-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">Jade Ant Instruments \u2014 Complete Flow Meter Selection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/how-to-read-flowmeter-datasheets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">Jade Ant Instruments \u2014 How to Read Flowmeter Datasheets: A Complete 2026 Guide<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mccrometer.com\/learn-about-differential-pressure-flow-meters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">McCrometer \u2014 Learn About Differential Pressure Flow Meters<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dwyeromega.com\/en-us\/resources\/venturi-meter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color:#0d1b2a;\">Dwyer Omega \u2014 Introduction to Venturi Flow Meters, Flow Nozzles, and Orifice Plates<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The global differential pressure flow meter market was valued at USD 3.1 billion in 2024 and is forecast to exceed USD 5.0 billion by 2033. That number tells one story. Here is a more useful one for distributors and agents: differential pressure (DP) technology accounts for the largest single share of all industrial flow measurement [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Differential Pressure Flow Measurement: Complete Guide","_seopress_titles_desc":"Master differential pressure flow measurement: Venturi, flow nozzle & orifice plate selection, installation, accuracy & compliance for distributors.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5811\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}