{"id":5259,"date":"2026-04-16T01:38:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:38:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/?p=5259"},"modified":"2026-04-16T01:38:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T01:38:26","slug":"magnetic-vs-ultrasonic-flow-meters-wastewater-performance-cost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ru\/magnetic-vs-ultrasonic-flow-meters-wastewater-performance-cost\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnetic vs Ultrasonic Flow Meters for Wastewater: Performance, Cost, and Maintenance"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"ultrasonic<\/p>

A municipal treatment plant in the U.S. Midwest replaced three failed turbine flow meters on its influent line with magnetic meters in 2023. Within 12 months, the facility documented a 97\u00a0% reduction in meter-related downtime and recovered an estimated US\u00a0$18,000 in avoided maintenance and unbilled flow \u2014 a case published by Emerson<\/a>. Yet two states away, a similar plant chose clamp-on ultrasonic meters for a sludge-return retrofit and achieved the same uptime improvement at roughly 40\u00a0% lower installation cost \u2014 because cutting into a pressurised sludge line was not an option.<\/p>

Neither technology is universally “better.” The right choice depends on your wastewater’s conductivity, solids load, pipe accessibility, and budget horizon. This guide compares magnetic (MAG) and ultrasonic (US) flow meters across every axis that matters in wastewater: accuracy, slurry tolerance, installation, maintenance, lifecycle cost, and environmental robustness. It draws on published specifications, field case studies, and the engineering experience of \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \"\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439<\/strong><\/a>, which has deployed over 12,000 electromagnetic flow meters in water and wastewater applications across Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.<\/p>

The global wastewater flow meter market reached approximately US\u00a0$1.5\u00a0billion in 2023 and is projected to hit US\u00a0$2.8\u00a0billion by 2032, according to Dataintelo<\/a>. Magnetic meters hold the largest share in conductive-liquid applications, while ultrasonic meters are the fastest-growing segment thanks to clamp-on retrofit demand. Understanding both technologies is no longer optional \u2014 it is a competitive necessity for any plant engineer responsible for compliance, energy efficiency, or chemical dosing accuracy.<\/p>

<\/p>

Overview of Flow Meters in Wastewater<\/h2>

<\/p>

Why Meters Matter for Wastewater<\/h3>

Wastewater treatment accounts for roughly 3\u20134\u00a0% of total electricity consumption in developed nations, according to the U.S. EPA<\/a>. Flow meters sit at the control heart of every treatment stage: influent measurement drives equalization-basin scheduling, aeration blower speed, chemical dosing rates, and effluent compliance reporting. A 2\u00a0% measurement error on an influent line processing 20 million gallons per day (MGD) equates to 400,000 gallons of unaccounted flow every 24 hours \u2014 enough to trigger permit violations or waste thousands of dollars in over-dosed coagulant.<\/p>

What Magnetic and Ultrasonic Meters Measure<\/h3>

Both technologies measure volumetric flow rate (typically in m\u00b3\/h, L\/min, or GPM) and can totalise volume over time. Magnetic meters derive velocity from the voltage induced across a conductive fluid (Faraday’s Law). Ultrasonic meters derive velocity from the transit-time difference or Doppler shift of sound pulses travelling through the fluid. Neither technology has moving parts, which is why both dominate the wastewater segment \u2014 the alternative (turbine, paddlewheel, or DP meters) introduces wear surfaces that clog or erode in solids-laden flows.<\/p>

\"liquid<\/p>

<\/p>

Magnetic Flow Meters: Core Principles<\/h2>

<\/p>

Operating Principle (Faraday Induction)<\/h3>

A magnetic flow meter generates a magnetic field across the pipe bore using energised coils. As conductive wastewater flows through the field, it acts as a moving conductor and induces a voltage (E) proportional to the average fluid velocity (v), the magnetic flux density (B), and the pipe diameter (D): E = k \u00d7 B \u00d7 D \u00d7 v<\/strong>. Two electrodes embedded in the pipe wall pick up this voltage, which the transmitter converts to a flow rate. Because the measurement depends only on fluid velocity and not on density, viscosity, or temperature, magnetic meters are inherently stable in the variable conditions typical of wastewater streams.<\/p>

The minimum fluid conductivity required is typically \u2265 5\u00a0\u00b5S\/cm. Raw municipal wastewater usually measures 500\u20131,500\u00a0\u00b5S\/cm \u2014 well above the threshold. Even industrial effluent rarely drops below 50\u00a0\u00b5S\/cm unless it contains large fractions of non-conductive solvents. For a deeper dive into Faraday’s Law as applied to flow measurement, see the Emerson magnetic flow theory page<\/a>.<\/p>

Pros and Typical Applications<\/h3>

Magnetic meters dominate wastewater because they deliver \u00b10.2\u20130.5\u00a0% of reading accuracy with zero pressure drop, handle pipe sizes from DN10 to DN2000, and tolerate solids concentrations up to 50\u00a0% by volume. Jade Ant Instruments’ magnetic flow meter selection guide<\/a> notes that their DN200 through DN600 electromagnetic meters are the most-ordered sizes for municipal influent and effluent lines. Typical applications include raw sewage influent, activated-sludge return, chemical dosing, digester feed, and final effluent discharge monitoring.<\/p>

Limitations in Wastewater<\/h3>

The primary limitation is the conductivity requirement: magnetic meters cannot measure non-conductive liquids (hydrocarbons, deionised water). In wastewater this is rarely a concern, but industrial pre-treatment systems handling oily waste may fall below the threshold. Other limitations include the need for a full pipe (partially filled pipes produce errors unless a specialised partially-filled-pipe algorithm is enabled), sensitivity to electrode fouling in high-grease streams, and the requirement to cut the pipe for installation \u2014 which means downtime and potential permit notifications for confined-space entry.<\/p>

<\/p>

Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Core Principles<\/h2>

<\/p>

Transit-Time vs Doppler Concepts<\/h3>

Ultrasonic meters come in two fundamentally different flavours. Transit-time<\/strong> meters send ultrasonic pulses diagonally across the pipe in both directions (upstream and downstream). The pulse travelling with the flow arrives slightly faster than the pulse travelling against it; the time difference (\u0394t) is proportional to flow velocity. Transit-time meters require a relatively clean fluid with < 1\u20132\u00a0% suspended solids or bubbles, because particles scatter the signal. Accuracy typically reaches \u00b10.5\u20131.0\u00a0% of reading for inline models and \u00b11.0\u20132.0\u00a0% for clamp-on models.<\/p>

Doppler<\/strong> meters, by contrast, need particles or bubbles in the fluid. They emit a continuous ultrasonic beam and measure the frequency shift reflected from moving particles. Doppler accuracy is typically \u00b12\u20135\u00a0% of full scale \u2014 lower than transit-time \u2014 but these meters work in exactly the conditions that defeat transit-time meters: high-solids sludge, grit-laden streams, and aerated flows. For a detailed comparison of both technologies, see the Jade Ant Instruments ultrasonic vs Doppler guide<\/a>.<\/p>

Pros and Typical Applications<\/h3>

The biggest advantage is installation flexibility. Clamp-on ultrasonic meters mount on the outside of the pipe \u2014 no cutting, no process shutdown, no confined-space entry. A single technician can install a clamp-on transit-time meter on a 12-inch line in under 30 minutes. This makes ultrasonic meters ideal for retrofit applications, temporary audits, and pipes that cannot be taken out of service. They also work on non-conductive fluids, making them the default choice for industrial effluent containing solvents or oils. Common wastewater applications include effluent discharge verification, cooling-water return, and temporary flow surveys during plant upgrades.<\/p>

Limitations in Wastewater<\/h3>

Transit-time meters lose accuracy or fail entirely when suspended solids exceed 1\u20132\u00a0% by volume \u2014 a threshold easily crossed in primary clarifier underflow or waste-activated sludge (WAS). Doppler meters tolerate solids but sacrifice accuracy. Both types are sensitive to pipe-wall condition: corroded or lined pipes alter the speed of sound, introducing errors unless the wall material and thickness are entered correctly during commissioning. Clamp-on models add an additional \u00b10.5\u20131.0\u00a0% uncertainty compared to inline (wetted) ultrasonic meters because the signal must traverse the pipe wall twice.<\/p>

\"how<\/p>

<\/p>

Performance: Accuracy and Range<\/h2>

<\/p>

Factors Affecting Accuracy in Wastewater<\/h3>

Wastewater is not tap water. Its conductivity, solids load, gas entrainment, and temperature fluctuate hourly. These variations affect each technology differently. Magnetic meters’ accuracy is essentially immune to viscosity, density, and suspended solids (up to the liner-erosion limit), but electrode fouling from grease or biofilm can create a slowly drifting zero offset \u2014 Emerson’s field data shows this drift averages 0.1\u20130.3\u00a0% per year if electrodes are not cleaned. Ultrasonic meters’ accuracy depends on the sound path: air bubbles deflect transit-time signals (a 2\u00a0% air void fraction can introduce > 5\u00a0% error), while scale build-up on the pipe wall attenuates the signal and increases path uncertainty.<\/p>

Comparisons: Magnetic vs Ultrasonic Accuracy and Dynamic Range<\/h3>

<\/p>
\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>Magnetic (Inline)<\/th>Ultrasonic \u2013 Transit-Time (Inline)<\/th>Ultrasonic \u2013 Transit-Time (Clamp-on)<\/th>Ultrasonic \u2013 Doppler<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\u00b10.2\u20130.5 % of reading<\/td>\u00b10.5\u20131.0 % of reading<\/td>\u00b11.0\u20132.0 % of reading<\/td>\u00b12\u20135 % of full scale<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\u00b10.1\u20130.15 %<\/td>\u00b10.15\u20130.3 %<\/td>\u00b10.3\u20130.5 %<\/td>\u00b11.0 %<\/td><\/tr>
\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/td>100:1 to 1000:1<\/td>50:1 to 200:1<\/td>25:1 to 100:1<\/td>10:1 to 50:1<\/td><\/tr>
Min. Velocity<\/strong><\/td>0.01 m\/s (some models)<\/td>0.03 m\/s<\/td>0.05 m\/s<\/td>0.1 m\/s<\/td><\/tr>
Pressure Drop<\/strong><\/td>Zero (full-bore)<\/td>Zero (full-bore) or minimal (insertion)<\/td>Zero (non-invasive)<\/td>Zero (non-invasive or insertion)<\/td><\/tr>
Max. Solids Content<\/strong><\/td>Up to 50 % by volume<\/td>< 1\u20132 % by volume<\/td>< 1\u20132 % by volume<\/td>Requires \u2265 25 ppm solids or bubbles<\/td><\/tr>
Conductivity Requirement<\/strong><\/td>\u2265 5 \u00b5S\/cm<\/td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td><\/tr>
Pipe Sizes (common)<\/strong><\/td>DN10\u2013DN2000<\/td>DN25\u2013DN3000<\/td>DN15\u2013DN6000<\/td>DN25\u2013DN2000<\/td><\/tr>
Typical Price (DN150)<\/strong><\/td>$2,000\u2013$6,000<\/td>$3,000\u2013$8,000<\/td>$1,500\u2013$10,000<\/td>$800\u2013$3,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Sources: Fuji Electric ultrasonic vs magmeter comparison<\/a>, BCST Group technical comparison<\/a>, and manufacturer datasheets from Endress+Hauser, KROHNE, and Badger Meter.<\/em><\/p>

The table above is formatted for direct paste into Excel. Key takeaway: magnetic meters win on accuracy and solids tolerance; ultrasonic meters win on installation flexibility and non-conductive fluid compatibility. For engineers who need help matching these parameters to a specific wastewater application, Jade Ant Instruments’ five-factor selection framework<\/a> provides a structured decision method.<\/p>

<\/p>

Slurry and Particle Considerations<\/h2>

<\/p>

Magnetic Meters and Particulates: Benefits and Challenges<\/h3>

Magnetic meters tolerate suspended solids concentrations from near-zero to 50\u00a0% by volume because the measurement principle depends on electromagnetic induction, not acoustic propagation. Emerson’s Rosemount 8782 slurry sensor, for example, is rated for mining tailings with 30\u201345\u00a0% solids and uses a polyurethane liner specifically engineered for abrasion resistance at fluid velocities up to 10 m\/s. In wastewater, primary sludge (3\u20136\u00a0% solids), WAS (0.5\u20131.5\u00a0%), and digested sludge (2\u20135\u00a0%) all fall well within the comfort zone of a standard hard-rubber or polyurethane-lined magnetic meter.<\/p>

The challenge is liner erosion. At a mine tailings plant documented by Control Engineering<\/a>, a standard neoprene-lined magnetic meter failed after 14 months on a 35\u00a0% solids iron-ore slurry. Replacing it with a polyurethane-lined sensor extended service life to over 4 years. For wastewater applications with moderate abrasion, hard rubber liners last 10\u201315+ years. Jade Ant Instruments’ liner selection guide<\/a> recommends hard rubber for clean wastewater (< 3\u00a0% solids), polyurethane for sludge lines (3\u201310\u00a0% solids), and PTFE for chemically aggressive industrial effluent.<\/p>

Ultrasonic Meters with Slurry: Benefits and Challenges<\/h3>

Transit-time ultrasonic meters are poorly suited for slurry. Suspended particles scatter and attenuate the ultrasonic signal, reducing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When SNR drops below the meter’s threshold, readings become unstable or the meter reports a fault. Doppler ultrasonic meters, however, actually benefit from particles \u2014 they need reflectors to generate a frequency shift. This makes Doppler meters a viable option for primary sludge or grit-laden influent where magnetic meters might also work but where the pipe cannot be cut for installation.<\/p>

The practical limitation is accuracy. A Doppler meter on a 4\u00a0% solids sludge line will typically deliver \u00b13\u20135\u00a0% FS accuracy \u2014 adequate for process monitoring or alarming but not for custody transfer, billing, or permit compliance. If the application requires \u00b11\u00a0% accuracy on a solids-laden stream, a magnetic meter is the only viable option among these two technologies.<\/p>

<\/p>

Installation and Maintenance Practicality<\/h2>

<\/p>

Piping and Installation Requirements<\/h3>

\"doppler<\/p>

Magnetic meters require inline installation: cut the pipe, weld or bolt flanges, and insert the meter. Straight-run requirements are modest \u2014 typically 5D upstream and 3D downstream (where D = pipe diameter), though some designs need only 3D\/1D when paired with a flow conditioner. A DN300 installation in a concrete-encased underground sludge line can take two days including civil work, dewatering, and permitting.<\/p>

Clamp-on ultrasonic meters eliminate all of that. Transducers strap onto the outside of the existing pipe with chains or mounting brackets. No pipe cutting, no hot work, no confined-space entry, no permit notifications. Straight-run requirements are stricter \u2014 typically 10\u201315D upstream and 5D downstream \u2014 because the measurement depends on a fully developed velocity profile. Inline ultrasonic meters have similar piping needs to magnetic meters.<\/p>

For detailed installation guidance including grounding, wiring, and commissioning, see the Jade Ant Instruments installation best-practices guide<\/a>.<\/p>

Maintenance Routines and Accessibility<\/h3>

Neither technology has moving parts, so both enjoy low maintenance compared to mechanical meters. Magnetic meter maintenance consists of periodic electrode cleaning (every 6\u201324 months depending on grease load), liner inspection for erosion or delamination, grounding-ring resistance checks (< 1 \u03a9), and electronic zero verification. Most of this can be done without removing the meter from the pipe.<\/p>

Ultrasonic meter maintenance involves transducer inspection (couplant integrity for clamp-on, face condition for wetted), firmware updates, and periodic comparison against a reference. Clamp-on transducers can be inspected and re-coupled without process shutdown. However, if the pipe’s internal condition changes (scale build-up, corrosion), the meter must be re-commissioned with updated wall-thickness and roughness parameters \u2014 a step that is often overlooked, leading to gradual accuracy degradation.<\/p>

<\/p>

Cost Considerations: CAPEX and OPEX<\/h2>

<\/p>

Purchase Price and Installation Costs<\/h3>

<\/p>

Bar Chart \u2014 10-Year TCO Comparison (DN200, Municipal Wastewater)<\/h3>



10-Year Total Cost of Ownership \u2014 DN200 Municipal Wastewater (USD)<\/p>


$40K
$30K
$20K
$10K
$0<\/p>











<\/p>






<\/p>


Magnetic Inline
Total: ~$17,000
Ultrasonic Clamp-On
Total: ~$11,000<\/p>


Purchase
\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430
Maintenance (10 yr)
Calibration (10 yr)
Downtime cost<\/p>

The bar chart above illustrates a representative 10-year TCO for a DN200 meter on a municipal wastewater influent line. The magnetic meter costs more upfront (meter + inline installation), but the clamp-on ultrasonic meter accumulates slightly higher calibration and re-commissioning costs because pipe-wall conditions change over a decade. In this scenario the ultrasonic option is ~35\u00a0% cheaper overall \u2014 but that advantage narrows or reverses if the application demands \u00b10.5\u00a0% accuracy, which the clamp-on model cannot guarantee.<\/p>

Long-Term Operating Costs and Downtime Implications<\/h3>

Installation cost often dwarfs the meter purchase price. Cutting into a 12-inch wastewater main for a magnetic meter can cost $3,000\u2013$5,000 in labour, civil work, and bypass pumping. A clamp-on ultrasonic meter on the same pipe costs $300\u2013$500 to install. Over 10 years, however, the magnetic meter’s superior accuracy can save money through tighter chemical dosing and more reliable compliance data. A U.S. EPA-funded study noted that a 1\u00a0% improvement in influent flow measurement accuracy at a 10 MGD plant can reduce polymer dosing costs by $4,000\u2013$8,000 per year \u2014 a figure that compounds heavily over a 15-year meter lifetime.<\/p>

<\/p>

Reliability, Robustness, and In-Field Performance<\/h2>

<\/p>

Environmental Factors: Temperature, Pressure, Corrosion<\/h3>
Environmental Factor<\/th>Magnetic Meter<\/th>Ultrasonic Meter<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Fluid Temperature Range<\/strong><\/td>\u221240 \u00b0C to +180 \u00b0C (PTFE liner); \u221220 \u00b0C to +80 \u00b0C (hard rubber)<\/td>\u221240 \u00b0C to +200 \u00b0C (inline wetted); \u221220 \u00b0C to +150 \u00b0C (clamp-on, couplant dependent)<\/td><\/tr>
Pressure Rating<\/strong><\/td>Up to 40 bar (PN40) standard; higher with custom flanges<\/td>Inline: up to 100 bar; Clamp-on: limited by pipe rating, not meter<\/td><\/tr>
Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/td>Liner-dependent: PTFE (excellent chemical resistance), polyurethane (abrasion), hard rubber (general wastewater)<\/td>Wetted: 316L SS housing; Clamp-on: transducer housing is isolated from fluid<\/td><\/tr>
IP \/ Hazardous Area<\/strong><\/td>IP67\/IP68 standard; ATEX\/IECEx zones available<\/td>IP67 standard; ATEX\/IECEx zones available<\/td><\/tr>
Ambient Temperature<\/strong><\/td>\u221225 \u00b0C to +60 \u00b0C (transmitter)<\/td>\u221225 \u00b0C to +55 \u00b0C (transmitter)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Performance in Hazardous or Aggressive Wastewater Environments<\/h3>

Industrial wastewater from textile dyeing, metal finishing, or chemical manufacturing can have pH values below 2 or above 12 and may contain chlorides, fluorides, or free chlorine. In these environments, electrode and liner material selection is critical. Hastelloy C electrodes paired with a PTFE liner handle most aggressive chemistries; platinum electrodes are specified for the most extreme cases. Ultrasonic meters sidestep wetted-material concerns entirely when used in clamp-on configuration \u2014 but only if the pipe itself survives the fluid. A corroded pipe wall distorts the acoustic path, so operators must monitor wall thickness with UT gauges at regular intervals.<\/p>

For guidance on matching liner and electrode materials to specific wastewater chemistries, see the Emerson material selection guide (PDF)<\/a>.<\/p>

<\/p>

Case Studies and Real-World Performance<\/h2>

<\/p>

Municipal Wastewater Plant Example<\/h3>

A 15 MGD municipal treatment plant in Ohio replaced aging vortex meters on two DN400 influent lines with Jade Ant Instruments electromagnetic flow meters. The hard-rubber-lined, 316L-electrode meters were sized using the Jade Ant engineering team’s comprehensive selection methodology<\/a>. After commissioning, the plant reported the following results over 18 months: influent flow measurement uncertainty dropped from \u00b13.5\u00a0% (vortex baseline) to \u00b10.4\u00a0%; aeration blower energy consumption fell by 6\u00a0% due to more accurate oxygen-demand calculations; and polymer dosing waste dropped by $11,200 per year. The meters required one scheduled electrode cleaning at month 12 \u2014 a 45-minute task performed without process shutdown.<\/p>

Industrial Wastewater Example<\/h3>

A pharmaceutical manufacturer in Gujarat, India needed to meter acidic effluent (pH 2.5, conductivity 1,200 \u00b5S\/cm) from an API synthesis line. The existing magnetic meter failed after eight months due to PTFE liner delamination caused by thermal cycling between 15 \u00b0C and 85 \u00b0C. Rather than replace in-kind, the engineering team installed a clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic meter with high-temperature transducers on the Hastelloy discharge pipe. The ultrasonic meter delivered \u00b11.5\u00a0% accuracy \u2014 sufficient for the plant’s environmental compliance threshold of \u00b15\u00a0% \u2014 and has run maintenance-free for 26 months. The plant avoided $4,200 in pipe-cutting costs and eliminated the risk of liner failure entirely. This case illustrates that sometimes the “less accurate” technology is the smarter choice when installation constraints dominate.<\/p>

\"Three<\/p>

<\/p>

Selection Guidelines and Best Practices<\/h2>

<\/p>

The decision framework follows a short sequence of questions. First, is the fluid conductive (\u2265 5 \u00b5S\/cm)? If not, magnetic meters are eliminated and ultrasonic is the only option. Second, what is the solids concentration? If > 2\u00a0%, transit-time ultrasonic meters are eliminated; choose magnetic or Doppler ultrasonic. Third, can the pipe be cut? If not (live line, buried concrete encasement, hazardous material), clamp-on ultrasonic is the only non-invasive option. Fourth, what accuracy does the application require? If \u2264 \u00b10.5\u00a0% of reading, magnetic wins. If \u00b12\u00a0% is acceptable, both compete. Finally, evaluate lifecycle cost including installation, calibration, and maintenance over 10\u201315 years.<\/p>

Quick-Start Checklists and Implementation Tips<\/h3>

If you choose magnetic:<\/strong> verify fluid conductivity at minimum expected value, select liner material based on the brand comparison guide from Jade Ant Instruments<\/a>, ensure the pipe will always be full at the meter location, install grounding rings (especially on plastic or lined pipes), commission with a proper zero check under no-flow conditions, and set a calibration interval of 12\u201324 months based on the application’s criticality.<\/p>

If you choose ultrasonic:<\/strong> measure pipe OD, wall thickness, and internal coating with an ultrasonic thickness gauge before ordering transducers, verify that straight-run requirements (10\u201315D upstream, 5D downstream) can be met, select transit-time for clean streams or Doppler for solids-laden streams, apply couplant per the manufacturer’s specification (silicone grease degrades at > 200 \u00b0C), and re-verify pipe-wall parameters annually. For further comparison across all meter types, consult the Jade Ant Instruments flow monitor comparison<\/a>.<\/p>



<\/p>

Video: Electromagnetic vs Ultrasonic Flow Meters Explained<\/h2>