{"id":6632,"date":"2026-09-30T00:39:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T00:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/?p=6632"},"modified":"2026-09-23T07:51:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T07:51:22","slug":"gas-flow-meter-types-industrial-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/gas-flow-meter-types-industrial-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Gas Flow Meter Types: Industrial Selection Guide 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6632\" class=\"elementor elementor-6632\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-981da83 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"981da83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1970ef0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1970ef0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-source-line=\"1-1\">Guide to Gas Flow Meter Types and Their Industrial Applications<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"3-3\"><em>For OEMs, EPCs, Distributors, and Industrial and Municipal Operators<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"5-6\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/RMA_EcoSonic.jpg?width=900\" alt=\"Ultrasonic gas flow meter installed on an industrial gas pipeline\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A multipath ultrasonic gas meter. These are common at utility and pipeline custody transfer points. (Image: Wikimedia Commons, public domain)<\/em><\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"8-8\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"10-10\">1. Why Accurate Gas Flow Measurement Is Mission-Critical<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"12-12\">Gas is costly to buy, hard to see, and dangerous when you lose track of it. A meter that reads 1% high or low sounds harmless. Now run the numbers.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"14-14\">Take a mid-size plant that burns 10 million cubic meters of natural gas a year at $0.35 per cubic meter. A 1% error moves <strong>$35,000 a year<\/strong> into or out of someone&#8217;s pocket. At a utility city-gate station moving 500 million cubic meters a year, the same 1% is <strong>$1.75 million<\/strong>. Nobody signs off on that.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"16-16\">Accuracy is only one of three risks you&#8217;re managing:<\/p>\n<ul data-source-line=\"18-21\">\n<li data-source-line=\"18-18\"><strong>Money.<\/strong> Billing disputes, fuel bills that don&#8217;t add up, and lost gas in distribution networks all come back to measurement.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"19-19\"><strong>Safety.<\/strong> Burner control, purge verification, and flare monitoring depend on a live reading you can trust. When a flow signal drifts on a combustion skid, you get nuisance trips, and in the worst case an unsafe fuel-to-air ratio.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"20-21\"><strong>Compliance.<\/strong> Emissions reports, custody transfer contracts, and hazardous-area rules all ask for documented, traceable measurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-source-line=\"22-22\"><strong>Industry insight:<\/strong> In our experience, most field failures don&#8217;t come from a &#8220;bad meter.&#8221; They come from a good meter in the wrong job. Think of a turbine meter on wet biogas, a thermal meter on saturated air, or an orifice plate squeezed into a skid with 3D of straight pipe. Choosing the right technology at the design stage costs far less than fixing it after commissioning.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"24-24\">This guide is written for the people who make those choices: OEM design engineers, EPC specification teams, distributors building a product line, MRO maintenance leads, and utility metering managers. The team at <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30c9\u30fb\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30a5\u30eb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c4<\/a> put it together from years of supporting these projects. If you&#8217;d like a shorter, step-by-step version, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/flow-meter-selection-guide-choose-the-right-meter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flow meter selection guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"26-26\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"28-28\">2. Gas Flow, Volumetric vs. Mass Flow, and Standard Conditions<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"30-30\">Engineering and procurement need to use the same terms. When they don&#8217;t, the purchase order ends up describing a different meter than the P&amp;ID calls for.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-gas-flow-rate%3F\" data-source-line=\"32-32\">What Is Gas Flow Rate?<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"34-34\"><strong>Gas flow rate<\/strong> is how much gas passes a point in the pipe per unit of time. You can state it as a volume (m\u00b3\/h) or a mass (kg\/h).<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"36-36\">The catch is that gas compresses. One cubic meter of gas at 7 bar holds about 8 times as many molecules as one cubic meter at atmospheric pressure. So a volume reading only means something once you know the conditions behind it.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"scmh-vs.-ncmh%3A-know-your-reference\" data-source-line=\"38-38\">SCMH vs. NCMH: Know Your Reference<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"40-45\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"40-40\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"40-40\">\n<th>Unit<\/th>\n<th>Full Name<\/th>\n<th>Reference Temperature<\/th>\n<th>Reference Pressure<\/th>\n<th>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"42-45\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"42-42\">\n<td><strong>Am\u00b3\/h<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Actual cubic meters per hour<\/td>\n<td>Line conditions<\/td>\n<td>Line conditions<\/td>\n<td>Sizing the meter body<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"43-43\">\n<td><strong>Nm\u00b3\/h (NCMH)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Normal cubic meters per hour<\/td>\n<td>0 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>101.325 kPa<\/td>\n<td>Europe, Asia, industrial gases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"44-44\">\n<td><strong>Sm\u00b3\/h (SCMH)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Standard cubic meters per hour<\/td>\n<td>15 \u00b0C (sometimes 20 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>101.325 kPa<\/td>\n<td>Natural gas trade, ISO contexts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"45-45\">\n<td><strong>SCFM<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Standard cubic feet per minute<\/td>\n<td>60 \u00b0F (sometimes 70 \u00b0F)<\/td>\n<td>14.696 psia<\/td>\n<td>North American compressed air and gas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p data-source-line=\"47-47\"><strong>Watch this trap:<\/strong> The same gas quantity reads about <strong>5.5% higher in Sm\u00b3 (15 \u00b0C) than in Nm\u00b3 (0 \u00b0C)<\/strong>, because 288.15 \u00f7 273.15 = 1.055. We&#8217;ve seen RFQs where one party meant &#8220;normal&#8221; and the other meant &#8220;standard.&#8221; That&#8217;s a built-in 5% error before anything is installed. Write the reference conditions on every datasheet.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"volumetric-vs.-mass-flow-meters\" data-source-line=\"49-49\">Volumetric vs. Mass Flow Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"51-51\"><strong>Volumetric meters<\/strong> measure how fast gas moves or how much space it fills at line conditions. Turbine, vortex, ultrasonic, rotary, and diaphragm meters all work this way. To report standard volume or mass, they need a pressure and temperature (P&amp;T) correction.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"53-53\"><strong>Mass flow meters<\/strong> respond to the mass of the gas itself:<\/p>\n<ul data-source-line=\"55-57\">\n<li data-source-line=\"55-55\"><strong>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea\u5f0f\u6d41\u91cf\u8a08<\/strong> measure true mass directly from the forces on a vibrating tube.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"56-57\"><strong>Thermal dispersion meters<\/strong> measure how much heat the gas carries away. Heat transfer depends on molecular mass flow, so they report mass or standard volume without separate P&amp;T correction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-source-line=\"58-58\">Some older references put thermal dispersion under &#8220;volumetric&#8221; because the output is usually shown as Nm\u00b3\/h or SCFM. In practice, the reading is mass-based and already normalized. That&#8217;s why thermal meters are popular for compressed air and fuel-gas skids. You can see how thermal sensing compares with other methods in our article on <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/thermal-mass-flow-controller-vs-conventional-flow-meters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">thermal mass flow controllers vs. conventional meters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"why-p%2C-t%2C-and-gas-composition-matter\" data-source-line=\"60-60\">Why P, T, and Gas Composition Matter<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"62-62\">For a volumetric meter, a 10 \u00b0C change in gas temperature shifts density by about 3.5%. A 1 bar change at 5 barg shifts it by about 17%. Without correction, those shifts show up directly as error.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"64-64\">Gas composition matters too. Biogas can swing from 50% to 70% methane depending on the feedstock. Thermal meters are calibrated for a specific gas mix, so composition changes cause them to drift. Coriolis and ultrasonic meters handle these changes much better.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"quick-glossary\" data-source-line=\"66-66\">Quick Glossary<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"68-76\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"68-68\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"68-68\">\n<th>Term<\/th>\n<th>Plain-English Meaning<\/th>\n<th>Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"70-76\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"70-70\">\n<td><strong>Turndown ratio<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Maximum flow \u00f7 minimum accurate flow<\/td>\n<td>30:1 means a 1,500 m\u00b3\/h meter stays accurate down to 50 m\u00b3\/h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"71-71\">\n<td><strong>Custody transfer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Measuring gas where ownership changes and money moves<\/td>\n<td>Utility billing a factory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"72-72\">\n<td><strong>Straight run (D)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Length of straight pipe before or after a meter, in pipe diameters<\/td>\n<td>10D on a DN100 pipe = 1 meter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"73-73\">\n<td><strong>Pressure drop<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pressure the meter &#8220;consumes&#8221; as gas flows through it<\/td>\n<td>An orifice may cost 25\u201350 kPa; an ultrasonic meter close to zero<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"74-74\">\n<td><strong>\u518d\u73fe\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>How closely the meter repeats the same reading under the same conditions<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.1% repeatability with \u00b11% accuracy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"75-75\">\n<td><strong>Flow computer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Device that applies P, T, and composition corrections<\/td>\n<td>Converts actual m\u00b3 into billable Sm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"76-76\">\n<td><strong>K-factor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pulses per unit volume from a meter&#8217;s calibration<\/td>\n<td>1,000 pulses\/m\u00b3 on a turbine meter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-source-line=\"78-78\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"80-80\">3. Classification Framework: 4 Primary Categories of Gas Flow Meters<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"82-82\">Nearly every industrial gas meter fits one of four families. Start with the right family and your shortlist shrinks from eight technologies to two or three.<\/p>\n<ol data-source-line=\"84-88\">\n<li data-source-line=\"84-84\"><strong>Differential Pressure (DP) Meters<\/strong>: Orifice, Venturi, Pitot. These restrict or sample the flow and calculate flow from the pressure difference.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"85-85\"><strong>Velocity-Based Meters<\/strong>: Turbine, Ultrasonic, Vortex. These measure how fast the gas travels.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"86-86\"><strong>Positive Displacement (PD) Meters<\/strong>: Diaphragm, Rotary. These trap and count fixed &#8220;packets&#8221; of gas.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"87-88\"><strong>Mass Flow Meters<\/strong>: Thermal and Coriolis. These respond to mass directly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"comparative-matrix\" data-source-line=\"89-89\">Comparative Matrix<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"91-102\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"91-91\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"91-91\">\n<th>\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u7a2e\u985e<\/th>\n<th>Family<\/th>\n<th>Typical Accuracy (Gas)<\/th>\n<th>\u5727\u529b\u964d\u4e0b<\/th>\n<th>\u30e1\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u30f3\u30b9<\/th>\n<th>Dirty\/Wet Gas Tolerance<\/th>\n<th>\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"93-102\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"93-93\">\n<td>\u30aa\u30ea\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8<\/td>\n<td>DP<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11\u20132% of reading (system)<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>Low (inspect edge)<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"94-94\">\n<td>Venturi<\/td>\n<td>DP<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.75\u20131.5%<\/td>\n<td>Low\u2013Moderate<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u3044\u3044\u306d<\/td>\n<td>$$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"95-95\">\n<td>Averaging Pitot<\/td>\n<td>DP<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11\u20132%<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"96-96\">\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>Velocity<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.5\u20131%<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>Medium\u2013High (bearings)<\/td>\n<td>Poor<\/td>\n<td>$$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"97-97\">\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2\uff08\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30d1\u30b9\uff09<\/td>\n<td>Velocity<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.1\u20130.5% (calibrated)<\/td>\n<td>Near zero<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-error\" title=\"ParseError: KaTeX parse error: Can't use function '$1#x27; in math mode at position 1: $\u0332\">$<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"98-98\">\n<td>Vortex \/ Swirl<\/td>\n<td>Velocity<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11\u20131.5%<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u3044\u3044\u306d<\/td>\n<td>$$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"99-99\">\n<td>\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30d5\u30e9\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>PD<\/td>\n<td>Class 1.5 (\u00b11.5%)<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"100-100\">\n<td>Rotary<\/td>\n<td>PD<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11%<\/td>\n<td>Low\u2013Moderate<\/td>\n<td>Medium (filter needed)<\/td>\n<td>Poor<\/td>\n<td>$$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"101-101\">\n<td>Thermal dispersion<\/td>\n<td>Mass<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11\u20132% of reading<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>Poor (moisture)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>$<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"102-102\">\n<td>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea<\/td>\n<td>Mass<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.25\u20130.5%<\/td>\n<td>Moderate\u2013High<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<td>\u3044\u3044\u306d<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"table-scroll-button\">\n<div class=\"scroll-icon\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-source-line=\"104-104\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/quickchart.io\/chart?w=700&amp;h=380&amp;c=%7Btype:%27bar%27,data:%7Blabels:%5B%27Coriolis%27,%27Ultrasonic%27,%27Turbine%27,%27Rotary%20PD%27,%27Vortex%27,%27Orifice%27,%27Thermal%27,%27Diaphragm%27%5D,datasets:%5B%7Blabel:%27Typical%20best%20accuracy,%20pct%20of%20reading%27,data:%5B0.35,0.5,0.5,1,1,1.5,1.5,1.5%5D,backgroundColor:%27%23008060%27%7D%5D%7D,options:%7Btitle:%7Bdisplay:true,text:%27Typical%20Gas%20Accuracy%20by%20Meter%20Type%20-%20lower%20is%20better%27%7D%7D%7D\" alt=\"Bar chart of typical gas accuracy by flow meter type\"><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"106-106\"><strong>Industry insight:<\/strong> Datasheet accuracy is a lab number. Installed accuracy depends on straight run, gas condition, and P&amp;T correction, and is often 2 to 3 times worse. Compare meters on <em>installed<\/em> accuracy in <em>your<\/em> conditions. For the high-end options, our comparison of <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/coriolis-vs-pd-flow-meters-accuracy-cost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coriolis vs. PD meter accuracy and cost<\/a> shows how the gap narrows or widens in practice.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"108-108\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"110-110\">4. In-Depth Technology Breakdown: How Each Meter Works and Where It Excels<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"112-112\">This video from The Engineering Concepts walks through the main flow meter principles covered below:<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"114-114\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=la4cUCm6jLU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=la4cUCm6jLU<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"116-116\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=la4cUCm6jLU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/la4cUCm6jLU\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Types of flow meters in piping video\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"orifice-plate-(dp)\" data-source-line=\"118-118\">\u30aa\u30ea\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8 (DP)<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"120-121\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Orifice_plate.jpg?width=800\" alt=\"Orifice plate used for differential pressure gas flow measurement\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A precision-bored orifice plate. The sharp upstream edge is what makes the calculation work. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"123-123\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> A thin plate with a machined hole narrows the pipe. Gas speeds up through the hole and pressure drops. A DP transmitter measures that drop, and flow follows from a well-known square-root equation.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"125-125\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Clean, steady gas in skid-mounted systems where cost and simplicity matter most. The geometry and equations are defined in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/79179.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ISO 5167-1<\/a>. That means you can often validate the plate by measuring it, with no wet flow calibration needed.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"127-127\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Turndown is only about 3:1 to 4:1 with a single DP transmitter. Permanent pressure loss is high. And a rounded or dirty edge can quietly shift readings by 2% or more.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"turbine-meters\" data-source-line=\"129-129\">Turbine Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"131-131\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> Gas spins a multi-blade rotor. Each blade passes a pickup sensor, and each pulse equals a fixed volume.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"133-133\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Clean natural gas and air, and custody transfer where \u00b10.5% matters. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/%e8%a3%bd%e5%93%81\/%e3%82%ac%e3%82%b9%e8%92%b8%e6%b0%97%e3%82%bf%e3%83%bc%e3%83%93%e3%83%b3%e7%94%a8%e6%b5%81%e9%87%8f%e8%a8%88\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gas turbine flow meter<\/a> offers \u00b10.5% as standard and a \u00b10.2% high-precision option, with 4\u201320 mA, pulse, and Modbus RTU outputs.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"135-135\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Bearings wear, and particulates chew up rotors. Swirl from upstream elbows biases the reading. Always install a filter upstream.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ultrasonic-meters\" data-source-line=\"137-137\">Ultrasonic Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"139-139\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> Transducers send sound pulses with and against the flow. Gas moving downstream speeds up the &#8220;with-flow&#8221; pulse. The time difference tells you gas velocity. This is called the <em>transit-time<\/em> method.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"141-141\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Large pipes (DN100 and up), bidirectional flow, and utility networks where pressure drop costs real compression energy. There are no moving parts, and diagnostics are built in. Our article on <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/ultrasonic-flow-meter-industrial-applications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ultrasonic flow meter industrial applications<\/a> covers where they pay back fastest.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"143-143\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Higher upfront cost. Also, some control valves and regulators generate noise that can interfere with the signal.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"thermal-mass-meters\" data-source-line=\"145-145\">Thermal Mass Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"147-148\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Thermal-mass-low-meter-configuration.jpg?width=800\" alt=\"Diagram of insertion and inline thermal dispersion mass flow meter configurations\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>Insertion and inline thermal dispersion configurations. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"150-150\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> One sensor is heated and another reads gas temperature. The more gas mass flows past, the more heat it carries away. The meter converts that heat loss into mass flow.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"152-152\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Compressed air, dry natural gas, nitrogen, and treated biogas. Turndown of 100:1 is common, pressure drop is almost zero, and no P&amp;T correction is needed. For air systems, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/thermal-air-flow-meter-types-2026-comparison-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2026 thermal air flow meter comparison<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"154-154\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Water droplets cool the sensor and cause false high readings. The meter is also calibrated for a specific gas composition.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"coriolis-meters\" data-source-line=\"156-156\">Coriolis Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"158-159\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Coriolis_Flow_Meter.jpg?width=700\" alt=\"Coriolis mass flow meter with curved measuring tubes\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A Coriolis mass flow meter. Twisting of the vibrating tubes shows true mass flow. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"161-161\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> Gas passes through vibrating tubes. Mass flow makes the tubes twist slightly, and sensors measure the twist.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"163-163\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Gas blending, reactor feed, CNG and hydrogen dispensing, and any job with changing density. It measures true mass with no straight run needed.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"165-165\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Premium price, and meaningful pressure drop at high gas velocities. Most sizes top out around DN150\u2013DN200.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"vortex-meters\" data-source-line=\"167-167\">Vortex Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"169-170\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/VORTEX_Montado_v1.JPG?width=800\" alt=\"Vortex flow meter mounted in an industrial pipeline\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A flanged vortex flow meter installed in process piping. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"172-172\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> A bluff body (a flat bar placed across the flow) sheds vortices alternately from each side, like a flag flapping in the wind. How often they shed is proportional to velocity.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"174-174\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Steam, compressed air, and industrial gases in rough plant conditions. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/%e8%a3%bd%e5%93%81\/%e6%b8%a6%e6%b5%81%e9%87%8f%e8%a8%88\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vortex flow meter with built-in T&amp;P compensation<\/a> outputs mass or standard volume directly. That removes the need for a separate flow computer on many MRO retrofits.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"176-176\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> At low velocity, vortices stop forming reliably. Pipe vibration can also add noise. See our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/vortex-vs-turbine-flow-meter-working-principle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vortex vs. turbine working principle guide<\/a> for a side-by-side comparison.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"diaphragm-meters\" data-source-line=\"178-178\">Diaphragm Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"180-181\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Diaphragm_gas_meter.jpg?width=500\" alt=\"Diaphragm gas meter used in residential and commercial gas distribution\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A diaphragm (bellows) gas meter, the standard for residential and small commercial billing. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"183-183\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> Flexible chambers fill and empty in turn. Each cycle moves the counter.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"185-185\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Homes, restaurants, and small commercial users. It handles low flow at low pressure, often with 150:1 rangeability, and needs no power for the mechanical version.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"187-187\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Limited capacity and bulky size above small commercial loads.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"rotary-pd-meters\" data-source-line=\"189-189\">Rotary PD Meters<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"191-192\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:FilePath\/Rotary_gas_meter.jpg?width=600\" alt=\"Rotary positive displacement gas meter for industrial gas distribution\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"> <em>A rotary gas meter. Two figure-eight impellers trap and count fixed gas volumes. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"194-194\"><strong>How it works:<\/strong> Two lobed impellers rotate and trap a fixed volume of gas with each turn.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"196-196\"><strong>Where it excels:<\/strong> Commercial and industrial gas distribution from roughly 15 to 1,000+ m\u00b3\/h. Accuracy holds well even at low flow.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"198-198\"><strong>Watch out for:<\/strong> Tight clearances. Pipe scale or welding slag can lock the impellers, so upstream filtration is mandatory.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"200-200\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"202-202\">5. Industry-Specific Applications and Use Cases<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"204-204\">Each client type we serve feels a different pain point. Here&#8217;s how the technology maps to real jobs.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"oem-%2F-skid-mount-manufacturers\" data-source-line=\"206-206\">OEM \/ Skid-Mount Manufacturers<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"208-208\"><strong>Pain point:<\/strong> Space. A burner management skid or gas blending panel rarely has room for 20D of straight pipe.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"210-210\"><strong>Best fit:<\/strong> Compact thermal meters for combustion air and fuel gas. Coriolis for blending and reactor feed where density changes. Turbine meters also fit well on clean-gas skids thanks to fast pulse response. See our write-up on <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/turbine-flow-meters-benefits-skid-mount-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">turbine flow meters in skid manufacturing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"212-212\"><strong>\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> An OEM building 40 packaged boiler skids a year that switches from orifice runs to inline thermal meters can remove the DP transmitter, impulse lines, and separate P&amp;T transmitters from every skid. That&#8217;s fewer parts to stock, fewer leak points, and a shorter frame.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"epc-%2F-system-integrators\" data-source-line=\"214-214\">EPC \/ System Integrators<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"216-216\"><strong>Pain point:<\/strong> Proving performance at handover and meeting custody transfer rules.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"218-218\"><strong>Best fit:<\/strong> Multipath ultrasonic meters for pipeline and city-gate custody transfer. Turbine meters for mid-size fiscal points. DP and vortex meters for plant-wide utility monitoring where \u00b11\u20132% is acceptable.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"instrument-distributors-%2F-importers\" data-source-line=\"220-220\">Instrument Distributors \/ Importers<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"222-222\"><strong>Pain point:<\/strong> Covering a wide range of customer requests without holding stock that doesn&#8217;t sell.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"224-224\"><strong>Best fit:<\/strong> A core portfolio of vortex, turbine, and ultrasonic meters, plus thermal meters for compressed air. Pair it with local calibration and fast spare-parts support. Our list of <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/must-have-flow-instrumentation-products-distributors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">must-have flow meter products for distributors<\/a> shows which lines bring repeat orders.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"industrial-%2F-mro-companies\" data-source-line=\"226-226\">Industrial \/ MRO Companies<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"228-228\"><strong>Pain point:<\/strong> Rough service, limited maintenance staff, and meters that must survive compressor vibration and dirty headers.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"230-230\"><strong>Best fit:<\/strong> Vortex or DP meters for compressed air, nitrogen, and flare gas. Swirl (precession) vortex meters where straight run is short. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/pt\/produtos\/swirling-vortex-flowmeter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">swirling vortex gas flow meter<\/a> needs only 5D upstream and 2D downstream, and 3D upstream with its optional conditioner. It gives 30:1 turndown and runs up to 3\u20135 years on its internal battery.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"municipal-%2F-utility-companies\" data-source-line=\"232-232\">Municipal \/ Utility Companies<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"234-234\"><strong>Pain point:<\/strong> Billing accuracy, unaccounted-for gas (UFG), and thousands of meters spread across a city.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"236-236\"><strong>Best fit:<\/strong> Diaphragm meters for residential and small commercial customers. Rotary and turbine meters for larger commercial users. Ultrasonic meters at city gates and district stations.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"238-244\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"238-238\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"238-238\">\n<th>Client Type<\/th>\n<th>Top Priority<\/th>\n<th>First-Choice Technology<\/th>\n<th>Runner-Up<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"240-244\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"240-240\">\n<td>OEM \/ Skid<\/td>\n<td>Compact size, fast response<\/td>\n<td>Thermal, Coriolis<\/td>\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"241-241\">\n<td>EPC \/ Integrator<\/td>\n<td>Certified accuracy<\/td>\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2<\/td>\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"242-242\">\n<td>Distributor<\/td>\n<td>Broad coverage, service<\/td>\n<td>Vortex, Turbine<\/td>\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"243-243\">\n<td>Industrial \/ MRO<\/td>\n<td>Durability, low upkeep<\/td>\n<td>Vortex \/ Swirl<\/td>\n<td>DP (orifice, Pitot)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"244-244\">\n<td>Municipal \/ Utility<\/td>\n<td>Billing accuracy, scale<\/td>\n<td>Diaphragm, Ultrasonic<\/td>\n<td>Rotary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-source-line=\"246-246\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"248-248\">6. Selection Criteria: Matching Meter Type to Application Requirements<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"250-250\">Use this five-step framework before you request quotes.<\/p>\n<ol data-source-line=\"252-257\">\n<li data-source-line=\"252-252\"><strong>Define the process envelope.<\/strong> Minimum, normal, and maximum flow. Operating pressure and temperature. Gas type, composition, moisture, and particulates.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"253-253\"><strong>Set the accuracy target.<\/strong> \u00b10.5% for custody transfer, or \u00b12% for energy monitoring. Don&#8217;t pay for accuracy you don&#8217;t need.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"254-254\"><strong>Check installation limits.<\/strong> Available straight run, orientation, pipe size, and access.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"255-255\"><strong>Estimate lifecycle cost (TCO).<\/strong> Include calibration, spare parts, pressure-drop energy, and downtime, not just the purchase price.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"256-257\"><strong>Confirm integration.<\/strong> Output signals, protocol, power, and hazardous-area rating.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 id=\"turndown-matters-more-than-most-rfqs-admit\" data-source-line=\"258-258\">Turndown Matters More Than Most RFQs Admit<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"260-260\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/quickchart.io\/chart?w=700&amp;h=400&amp;c=%7Btype:%27horizontalBar%27,data:%7Blabels:%5B%27Orifice%27,%27Vortex%27,%27Turbine%27,%27Swirl%20Vortex%27,%27Coriolis%27,%27Ultrasonic%27,%27Thermal%27,%27Rotary%20PD%27,%27Diaphragm%27%5D,datasets:%5B%7Blabel:%27Typical%20turndown%20ratio%20X:1%27,data:%5B4,15,20,30,50,50,100,100,150%5D,backgroundColor:%27%23f28c28%27%7D%5D%7D,options:%7Btitle:%7Bdisplay:true,text:%27Typical%20Turndown%20Ratio%20by%20Gas%20Meter%20Type%27%7D%7D%7D\" alt=\"Chart comparing typical turndown ratios of gas flow meter types\"><\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"262-262\">A process that runs at 100% by day and 8% at night needs at least 15:1 turndown. An orifice plate would read that night flow poorly, or not at all.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"selection-quick-reference\" data-source-line=\"264-264\">Selection Quick-Reference<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"266-273\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"266-266\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"266-266\">\n<th>Requirement<\/th>\n<th>Good Choices<\/th>\n<th>Avoid<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"268-273\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"268-268\">\n<td>\u00b10.5% or better<\/td>\n<td>Coriolis, ultrasonic, turbine<\/td>\n<td>Thermal, orifice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"269-269\">\n<td>Low pressure drop<\/td>\n<td>Ultrasonic, thermal, Pitot<\/td>\n<td>Orifice, small Coriolis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"270-270\">\n<td>Wet or dirty gas<\/td>\n<td>Vortex, Venturi, Coriolis<\/td>\n<td>Thermal, turbine, rotary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"271-271\">\n<td>Short straight run<\/td>\n<td>Coriolis, swirl vortex, PD<\/td>\n<td>Orifice, insertion thermal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"272-272\">\n<td>Large pipe (&gt;DN300)<\/td>\n<td>Ultrasonic, insertion thermal, Pitot<\/td>\n<td>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"273-273\">\n<td>Remote, no power<\/td>\n<td>Diaphragm, battery swirl vortex<\/td>\n<td>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"output-signals-and-integration\" data-source-line=\"275-275\">Output Signals and Integration<\/h3>\n<ul data-source-line=\"277-281\">\n<li data-source-line=\"277-277\"><strong>4\u201320 mA:<\/strong> A simple analog signal that almost every PLC or DCS reads.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"278-278\"><strong>Pulse:<\/strong> Best for totalizing and batching.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"279-279\"><strong>HART:<\/strong> Digital data sent over the same 4\u201320 mA wires, useful for diagnostics.<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"280-281\"><strong>Modbus RTU\/TCP:<\/strong> Multi-variable data (flow, total, P, T, alarms) over RS485 or Ethernet, ideal for SCADA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-source-line=\"282-282\">Before you order, check the datasheet for units, K-factor, and reference conditions. Our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/how-to-read-flowmeter-datasheets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">how to read flowmeter datasheets<\/a> shows where the fine print hides. For high-pressure service, also check the <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/high-vs-low-pressure-flow-meters-selection-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">high vs. low pressure selection guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"284-284\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"286-286\">7. Integration and Installation Best Practices<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"288-288\">Poor installation causes more gas measurement error than poor meters do. Get these five items right.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"upstream-and-downstream-piping\" data-source-line=\"290-290\">Upstream and Downstream Piping<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"292-301\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"292-292\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"292-292\">\n<th>\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u7a2e\u985e<\/th>\n<th>Typical Upstream Straight Run<\/th>\n<th>Typical Downstream<\/th>\n<th>\u6ce8\u8a18<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"294-301\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"294-294\">\n<td>\u30aa\u30ea\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>10\u201344D (depends on beta and fittings)<\/td>\n<td>4\u20138D<\/td>\n<td>Per ISO 5167 tables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"295-295\">\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>10D (with straightening vanes)<\/td>\n<td>5D<\/td>\n<td>Per AGA-7 guidance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"296-296\">\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2<\/td>\n<td>10D (with conditioner)<\/td>\n<td>3\u20135D<\/td>\n<td>Check against manufacturer data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"297-297\">\n<td>\u30dc\u30eb\u30c6\u30c3\u30af\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>15\uff5e20D<\/td>\n<td>5D<\/td>\n<td>More after control valves<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"298-298\">\n<td>Swirl vortex<\/td>\n<td>3\u20135D<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132D<\/td>\n<td>Built-in swirler conditions flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"299-299\">\n<td>Thermal (insertion)<\/td>\n<td>15\uff5e20D<\/td>\n<td>5D<\/td>\n<td>Profile-sensitive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"300-300\">\n<td>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea<\/td>\n<td>0D<\/td>\n<td>0D<\/td>\n<td>Unaffected by flow profile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"301-301\">\n<td>Diaphragm \/ Rotary<\/td>\n<td>\u30df\u30cb\u30de\u30eb<\/td>\n<td>\u30df\u30cb\u30de\u30eb<\/td>\n<td>Filter required for rotary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"flow-conditioning-and-filtration\" data-source-line=\"303-303\">Flow Conditioning and Filtration<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"305-305\">A <strong>flow conditioner<\/strong> is a perforated plate or tube bundle that removes swirl and flattens the velocity profile. It can cut the required straight run by half or more. Pair it with a 100-micron filter ahead of turbine, rotary, and swirl meters. On gas that may be wet, add a drip leg or separator.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"p%26t-sensor-placement\" data-source-line=\"307-307\">P&amp;T Sensor Placement<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"309-309\">Place the pressure tap upstream of the meter, usually at the meter&#8217;s reference port. Place the temperature sensor downstream, typically 2\u20135D, so the thermowell doesn&#8217;t disturb the flow profile.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"grounding-and-signal-shielding\" data-source-line=\"311-311\">Grounding and Signal Shielding<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"313-313\">Use twisted, shielded pair cable. Ground the shield at one end only to avoid ground loops. Keep signal cables away from VFD motor leads, which commonly cause &#8220;ghost flow&#8221; readings on vortex and ultrasonic meters.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"calibration-validation\" data-source-line=\"315-315\">Calibration Validation<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"317-317\">Record as-found and as-left values at the factory and after installation. Run a zero check on Coriolis and ultrasonic meters under no-flow conditions. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/thermal-coriolis-vortex-flow-meter-calibration-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">thermal, Coriolis, and vortex calibration guide<\/a> walks through each method.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"319-319\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"321-321\">8. Maintenance, Calibration, and Long-Term Reliability<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"calibration-intervals-at-a-glance\" data-source-line=\"323-323\">Calibration Intervals at a Glance<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"325-331\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"325-325\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"325-325\">\n<th>\u7533\u3057\u8fbc\u307f<\/th>\n<th>Typical Interval<\/th>\n<th>Driver<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"327-331\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"327-327\">\n<td>Custody transfer (fiscal)<\/td>\n<td>6-12\u30f6\u6708<\/td>\n<td>Contract or regulator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"328-328\">\n<td>Utility billing (diaphragm\/rotary)<\/td>\n<td>Sample testing or 5\u201310+ year replacement<\/td>\n<td>Local metrology law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"329-329\">\n<td>Process control<\/td>\n<td>1-2\u5e74<\/td>\n<td>Internal quality system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"330-330\">\n<td>Energy monitoring<\/td>\n<td>2\uff5e3\u5e74<\/td>\n<td>Energy management system (ISO 50001)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"331-331\">\n<td>No-moving-part meters with diagnostics<\/td>\n<td>2\u20135 years with verification<\/td>\n<td>Condition-based<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p data-source-line=\"333-333\">For regulated work, calibration must be traceable to a national lab such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/calibrations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NIST calibration services<\/a> in the US, or its equivalent in your country.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"smart-diagnostics-for-predictive-maintenance\" data-source-line=\"335-335\">Smart Diagnostics for Predictive Maintenance<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"337-337\">Modern ultrasonic meters report per-path velocity, signal gain, and speed of sound. If the measured speed of sound drifts away from the value calculated for your gas composition, a transducer may be fouled. Coriolis meters offer tube-health checks that confirm calibration without taking the meter out of the line.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"common-failure-modes\" data-source-line=\"339-339\">Common Failure Modes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"341-348\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"341-341\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"341-341\">\n<th>Meter<\/th>\n<th>Failure Mode<\/th>\n<th>Early Warning Sign<\/th>\n<th>Fix<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"343-348\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"343-343\">\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>Bearing wear, blade damage<\/td>\n<td>Reading drifts low, noisy pulses<\/td>\n<td>Cartridge replacement, better filtration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"344-344\">\n<td>Thermal<\/td>\n<td>Sensor fouling or moisture<\/td>\n<td>Rising reading at constant load<\/td>\n<td>Clean probe, add dryer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"345-345\">\n<td>\u30aa\u30ea\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>Edge wear, deposits<\/td>\n<td>Gradual DP shift<\/td>\n<td>Inspect or replace plate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"346-346\">\n<td>Rotary<\/td>\n<td>Impeller lock or scoring<\/td>\n<td>Rising differential across meter<\/td>\n<td>Clean, filter upgrade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"347-347\">\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2<\/td>\n<td>Transducer fouling<\/td>\n<td>Falling signal strength<\/td>\n<td>Clean transducers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"348-348\">\n<td>\u30dc\u30eb\u30c6\u30c3\u30af\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>Vibration noise<\/td>\n<td>Flow at zero load<\/td>\n<td>Low-flow cutoff, better supports<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"remote-monitoring\" data-source-line=\"350-350\">\u9060\u9694\u76e3\u8996<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"352-352\">Utilities and MRO providers increasingly log meter data through Modbus-to-cellular gateways. A 3 a.m. flow reading on a compressed-air header that should be idle is an easy leak alarm, and leaks often waste 20\u201330% of compressor output.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"354-355\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/quickchart.io\/chart?w=600&amp;h=400&amp;c=%7Btype:%27pie%27,data:%7Blabels:%5B%27Purchase%27,%27Installation%27,%27Calibration%27,%27Maintenance%20and%20parts%27,%27Downtime%27%5D,datasets:%5B%7Bdata:%5B25,15,25,20,15%5D,backgroundColor:%5B%27%23008060%27,%27%23f28c28%27,%27%233b82f6%27,%27%23a855f7%27,%27%23ef4444%27%5D%7D%5D%7D,options:%7Btitle:%7Bdisplay:true,text:%27Illustrative%2010-Year%20TCO%20Split%20-%20Mechanical%20Gas%20Meter%27%7D%7D%7D\" alt=\"Pie chart showing an illustrative 10-year total cost of ownership split for a mechanical gas meter\"> <em>An illustrative model. Actual splits vary by site. The main point holds: purchase price is often only about a quarter of lifetime cost.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"357-357\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"359-359\">9. Regulatory Compliance and Standards<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"key-standards-by-technology\" data-source-line=\"361-361\">Key Standards by Technology<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-container\">\n<table class=\"table-scroll-init\" data-source-line=\"363-371\">\n<thead data-source-line=\"363-363\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"363-363\">\n<th>\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc<\/th>\n<th>Primary Standards<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-source-line=\"365-371\">\n<tr data-source-line=\"365-365\">\n<td>\u30aa\u30ea\u30d5\u30a3\u30b9<\/td>\n<td>AGA Report No. 3 \/ API MPMS Ch. 14.3, ISO 5167<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"366-366\">\n<td>\u30bf\u30fc\u30d3\u30f3<\/td>\n<td>AGA Report No. 7, EN 12261<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"367-367\">\n<td>\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2<\/td>\n<td>AGA Report No. 9, ISO 17089-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"368-368\">\n<td>\u30b3\u30ea\u30aa\u30ea<\/td>\n<td>AGA Report No. 11, ISO 10790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"369-369\">\n<td>\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30d5\u30e9\u30e0<\/td>\n<td>EN 1359, OIML R137<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"370-370\">\n<td>Rotary<\/td>\n<td>EN 12480, OIML R137<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-source-line=\"371-371\">\n<td>Gas meters (general, fiscal)<\/td>\n<td>OIML R137-1&amp;2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p data-source-line=\"373-373\">For background, see this <a href=\"https:\/\/asgmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review of API MPMS 14.3 \/ AGA-3 orifice metering<\/a> and this <a href=\"https:\/\/asgmt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/039.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overview of the AGA-9 ultrasonic meter standard<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"custody-transfer-and-hazardous-area-certifications\" data-source-line=\"375-375\">Custody Transfer and Hazardous-Area Certifications<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"377-377\">In the EU, the <a href=\"https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/single-market\/goods\/building-blocks\/legal-metrology\/measuring-weighing-instruments-eu_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Measuring Instruments Directive (MID)<\/a> covers fiscal meters. One correction worth flagging: gas meters and volume conversion devices fall under <strong>Annex MI-002<\/strong>, not MI-001, which covers water meters. We regularly see the wrong annex in tender documents.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"379-379\">For explosive atmospheres, look for ATEX in Europe and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iecex.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IECEx certification system<\/a> internationally. <strong>SIL<\/strong> (Safety Integrity Level) ratings matter when a flow signal feeds a safety instrumented function, such as low fuel-gas flow shutting down a burner.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"emissions-monitoring\" data-source-line=\"381-381\">Emissions Monitoring<\/h3>\n<p data-source-line=\"383-383\">Flare gas and fugitive emissions are under tighter scrutiny every year. In the US, operators follow the EPA&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/compliance\/leak-detection-and-repair-best-practices-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leak detection and repair best practices<\/a> and report under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgreporting\/subpart-w-petroleum-and-natural-gas-systems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EPA GHGRP Subpart W<\/a>. Flare meters must cover both tiny purge flows and huge upset events. That&#8217;s why ultrasonic flare meters with very wide turndown dominate this niche.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"audit-documentation-checklist\" data-source-line=\"385-385\">Audit Documentation Checklist<\/h3>\n<ul data-source-line=\"387-392\">\n<li data-source-line=\"387-387\">Calibration certificate with traceability chain<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"388-388\">Material certificates (EN 10204 3.1) for pressure parts<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"389-389\">Pressure test report<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"390-390\">Hazardous-area certificate and marking<\/li>\n<li data-source-line=\"391-392\">Configuration printout (units, K-factor, reference conditions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-source-line=\"393-393\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"395-395\">10. Future Trends and Smart Metering Evolution<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"397-397\"><strong>IIoT connectivity.<\/strong> More meters now ship with Modbus TCP, MQTT, or OPC UA, so data can flow straight to cloud dashboards. That lets you move from monthly reads to hourly analytics.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"399-399\"><strong>Energy and carbon tracking.<\/strong> ISO 50001 energy programs and Scope 1 carbon reporting need submetering at the process-line level, not just the plant fence. Expect far more thermal and vortex meters on individual furnaces and compressors.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"401-401\"><strong>Better low-flow sensitivity and multi-gas algorithms.<\/strong> Newer thermal meters store calibration curves for dozens of gases and mixtures. Hydrogen blending into natural gas networks (often 5\u201320% H\u2082) is pushing ultrasonic and Coriolis makers to validate performance on blends.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"403-403\"><strong>Wireless, battery-powered meters.<\/strong> Utilities want meters that run 5\u201310 years on batteries and report over NB-IoT or LoRaWAN. Battery-powered swirl and ultrasonic meters are filling gaps at remote district stations where running power cable costs more than the meter.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"405-405\"><strong>Industry insight:<\/strong> The next differentiator isn&#8217;t a tenth of a percent of accuracy. It&#8217;s diagnostics that tell you <em>when<\/em> a meter can no longer be trusted. When you write specifications, ask for them explicitly.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"407-407\">Need help matching a meter to your project? <a href=\"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/contact-jade-ant-instruments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Talk to our application engineers<\/a> with your gas type, flow range, and pressure. We&#8217;ll send back a sizing sheet you can drop straight into your datasheet package.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"409-409\">\n<h2 data-source-line=\"411-411\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p data-source-line=\"413-414\"><strong>1. What is the most accurate gas flow meter for custody transfer applications?<\/strong> Coriolis and multipath ultrasonic meters offer the highest accuracy, typically \u00b10.1\u20130.5% when flow-calibrated. Coriolis suits smaller lines up to about DN150. Ultrasonic dominates larger pipelines.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"416-417\"><strong>2. Can thermal mass flow meters measure wet or dirty gases?<\/strong> It&#8217;s not recommended. Moisture and particulates cool or coat the sensor and cause drift. Use thermal meters only on dry, filtered gas.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"419-420\"><strong>3. How do I compensate for temperature and pressure variations in gas flow measurement?<\/strong> Add P&amp;T sensors with a flow computer, or choose a meter with built-in compensation, such as a multivariable vortex or swirl meter. Thermal and Coriolis meters don&#8217;t need separate correction for mass flow.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"422-423\"><strong>4. What are the advantages of ultrasonic over turbine meters in natural gas pipelines?<\/strong> Ultrasonic meters have no moving parts, near-zero pressure drop, bidirectional capability, wider turndown, and built-in diagnostics. Turbine meters cost less upfront for mid-size lines.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"425-426\"><strong>5. Which gas flow meter is best for low-flow, low-pressure applications?<\/strong> Thermal mass meters or variable-area meters (rotameters) work best for low-flow precision in labs, analyzers, and control panels. Diaphragm meters cover low-flow billing.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"428-429\"><strong>6. Do Coriolis meters require straight pipe runs?<\/strong> No. Coriolis meters are largely unaffected by flow profile, which makes them ideal for space-constrained skids.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"431-432\"><strong>7. How often should gas flow meters be calibrated?<\/strong> Typically every 1\u20132 years. Critical custody transfer points may need annual or semi-annual checks.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"434-435\"><strong>8. Can vortex flow meters measure biogas or landfill gas?<\/strong> Yes, if the gas is reasonably clean and velocity stays above the meter&#8217;s minimum. For low-velocity biogas, consider swirl vortex, thermal (with drying), or ultrasonic meters.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"437-438\"><strong>9. What output signals do modern gas flow meters support?<\/strong> 4\u201320 mA, pulse, HART, and Modbus are standard. Wireless options like WirelessHART, NB-IoT, and LoRaWAN are growing fast.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"440-441\"><strong>10. Are there ATEX\/IECEx-certified gas flow meters for hazardous areas?<\/strong> Yes. Most technologies are available as intrinsically safe (Ex ia) or flameproof (Ex d) versions for oil and gas and chemical plants. Specify the rating when you order, because it can&#8217;t be added later.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"443-444\"><strong>11. How do I reduce pressure drop in high-flow gas systems?<\/strong> Use full-bore ultrasonic meters, or thermal and Pitot insertion meters. Avoid orifice plates and undersized turbine or Coriolis meters where pressure loss matters.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"446-447\"><strong>12. Can one flow meter handle multiple gas types?<\/strong> Some thermal and ultrasonic meters offer gas-select or multi-gas calibration. Coriolis meters measure mass on any gas. Confirm with the manufacturer&#8217;s specs.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"449-450\"><strong>13. What is turndown ratio, and why does it matter?<\/strong> Turndown is the ratio between maximum and minimum accurate flow, for example 100:1. It decides whether one meter can cover both your peak and night-time loads.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"452-453\"><strong>14. How do I detect and correct flow meter drift in the field?<\/strong> Use built-in diagnostics, periodic zero checks, and comparisons against a master meter or portable ultrasonic reference. Trend the results over time.<\/p>\n<p data-source-line=\"455-456\"><strong>15. Do OEMs need NIST-traceable calibration for skid-mounted systems?<\/strong> Yes, especially in regulated industries such as pharma, food, energy, and custody transfer. Make sure your supplier provides certified, traceable calibration documents with each meter.<\/p>\n<hr data-source-line=\"458-458\">\n<p data-source-line=\"460-460\"><em>This guide is for professionals who engineer, specify, distribute, or maintain gas flow systems. Each section tackles a real-world problem, from integration bottlenecks to compliance risks, to help you make well-informed decisions.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guide to Gas Flow Meter Types and Their Industrial Applications For OEMs, EPCs, Distributors, and Industrial and Municipal Operators A multipath ultrasonic gas meter. These are common at utility and pipeline custody transfer points. (Image: Wikimedia Commons, public domain) 1. Why Accurate Gas Flow Measurement Is Mission-Critical Gas is costly to buy, hard to see, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Gas Flow Meter Types: Industrial Selection Guide 2026","_seopress_titles_desc":"Compare gas flow meter types\u2014DP, turbine, ultrasonic, thermal, Coriolis, vortex and PD\u2014with accuracy, cost and selection tips.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6652,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6632\/revisions\/6652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jadeantinstruments.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}